# What is the Sandbox?

This "Sandbox" is a place where Code Golf users can get feedback on prospective challenges they wish to post to the main page. This is useful because writing a clear and fully specified challenge on your first try can be difficult, and there is a much better chance of your challenge being well received if you post it in the Sandbox first.

To add an inline tag to a proposal use shortcut link syntax with a prefix: [tag:king-of-the-hill]

# Calculate Mahjong points

## Introduction to Mahjong tiles

Mahjong (麻雀) is a board game that originates from China. Mahjong tiles used in this challenge are in Unicode points U+1F000 – U+1F021:

🀀🀁🀂🀃🀄🀅🀆🀇🀈🀉🀊🀋🀌🀍🀎🀏🀐🀑🀒🀓🀔🀕🀖🀗🀘🀙🀚🀛🀜🀝🀞🀟🀠🀡


They are categorized as:

• Winds (風牌): 🀀(East Wind), 🀁(South Wind), 🀂(West Wind), 🀃(North Wind)

• Dragons (三元牌): 🀄(Red Dragon), 🀅(Green Dragon), 🀆(White Dragon)

• Ten Thousands (萬子): 🀇(One of the Ten Thousands) through 🀏(Nine of the Ten Thousands)

• Bamboos (索子): 🀐(One of the Bamboos; note that it depicts a bird) through 🀘(Nine of the Bamboos)

• Circles (筒子): 🀙(One of the Circles) through 🀡(Nine of the Circles)

• Winds and Dragons are together called Honors (字牌).

• Ten Thousands, Bamboos and Circles are each called a suit and together called Numbers (数牌). They have ranks from 1 to 9.

• Among Numbers, the Ones and the Nines are called Terminals (老頭牌). The Twos through the Eights are called Simples (中張牌).

• Honors and Terminals are together called Orphans (幺九牌).

Every Mahjong tiles have 4 copies of themselves.

## Mahjong Hand

A legal Hand will be given as the input. It consists of:

• A Head, which is 2 identical tiles.

• 4 Bodies, each which is either:

• A Sequence, which is 3 consecutive Numbers of the same suit.

• A Triplet, which is 3 identical tiles.

Hence, a Hand consists of 14 tiles.

There are exceptions. See "Seven Heads" and "Thirteen Orphans" below.

## Points

The objective is to calculate how many points a Hand has. Points are gained by having Yakus (役), which are cumulative.

Also I apologize that I named these Yakus to be more intuitive for the code golf, making them differ from the 'usual' names. Sorry!

### 1 Point Yakus

• Menzen Tsumo (門前清自摸和), which is worth 1 point, will always be assumed.

• Pinfu (平和): Get a non-Dragon Head and 4 Sequences.

• Example: 🀃🀃🀇🀈🀉🀑🀒🀓🀔🀕🀖🀟🀠🀡
• One Pair (一盃口): Get 2 identical Bodies.

• Example: 🀂🀂🀂🀇🀇🀇🀈🀉🀓🀓🀔🀔🀕🀕
• Dragon Triplet (役牌): Get a Triplet of Dragons. Multiple Dragon Triplets are cumulative.

• Example: 🀆🀆🀆🀇🀈🀉🀊🀊🀒🀓🀔🀛🀜🀝
• All Simples (断幺九): Let the Hand consist only of Simples.

• Example: 🀈🀉🀊🀓🀓🀓🀚🀛🀛🀜🀜🀝🀠🀠

### 2 Points Yakus

• Seven Heads (七対子): Get 7 Heads. It cannot contain 2 identical Heads.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀂🀂🀆🀆🀈🀈🀊🀊🀐🀐🀛🀛
• Colorful Sequences (三色同順): Get a sequence for each suit, consisting of the same set of ranks.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀉🀊🀋🀒🀓🀔🀛🀜🀝
• Full Sequence (一気通貫): Get 3 sequences of the same suit, consisting of ranks of 123, 456, and 789.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀇🀈🀉🀊🀋🀌🀍🀎🀏
• Semi-Orphans (チャンタ): Let all Heads and Bodies have at least 1 Orphan.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀇🀈🀉🀐🀑🀒🀡🀡🀡
• Concealed Three (三暗刻): Get 3 Triplets.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀊🀊🀊🀋🀋🀋🀑🀒🀓
• Colorful Triplets (三色同刻): Get a Triplet for each suit, consisting of the same rank.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀉🀊🀊🀊🀊🀋🀓🀓🀓🀜🀜🀜
• Dragons Minor (小三元): Let the Head and 2 Bodies consist of Dragons. Cumulative with the 2 Dragon Triplets.

• Example: 🀄🀄🀅🀅🀅🀆🀆🀆🀊🀋🀌🀒🀓🀔
• All Orphans (混老頭): Let the Hand consist only of Orphans. Supersedes Semi-Orphans. Cumulative with Seven Heads.

• Example: 🀁🀁🀂🀂🀃🀃🀆🀆🀇🀇🀏🀏🀘🀘
• Three of a Kind (一色三順): Get 3 identical Bodies. Supersedes One Pair.

• Example: 🀅🀅🀇🀇🀇🀈🀈🀈🀉🀉🀉🀙🀚🀛 (Note that this example also presents Semi-Orphans, which makes it supersede Concealed Three.)

### 3 Points Yakus

• Two Pairs (兩盃口): Get 2 pairs of identical Bodies. Supersedes One Pair and Seven Heads.

• Example: 🀃🀃🀇🀇🀈🀈🀉🀉🀑🀑🀒🀒🀓🀓
• Semi-Terminals (純チャンタ): Let all Heads and Bodies have at least 1 Terminal. Supersedes Semi-Orphans.

• Example: 🀇🀇🀇🀈🀉🀍🀎🀏🀏🀏🀏🀙🀙🀙
• Semi-Flush (混一色): Let the Numbers consist of a single suit.

• Example: 🀂🀂🀇🀈🀉🀉🀉🀉🀊🀋🀌🀌🀍🀎

### 6 Points Yaku

• Flush (清一色): Let the Hand consist of a single suit of Numbers. Supersudes Semi-Flush.

• Example: 🀇🀇🀇🀈🀉🀉🀉🀉🀊🀋🀌🀌🀍🀎

### Yakumans

Yakumans (役満) worth 13 points, and supersede all Yakus above. Multiple Yakumans are cumulative.

Without Yakumans, the points are capped at 13.

• Concealed Four (四暗刻): Get 4 Triplets.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀉🀉🀉🀌🀌🀌🀒🀒🀒🀞🀞🀞
• Thirteen Orphans (国士無双): Collect all 13 Orphans, plus an additional Orphan.

• Example: 🀀🀁🀂🀃🀄🀅🀆🀇🀇🀏🀐🀘🀙🀡
• Nine Gates (九蓮宝燈): Get Flush of ranks of 1112345678999, plus an additional Number of the same suit.

• Example: 🀇🀇🀇🀈🀉🀊🀋🀋🀌🀍🀎🀏🀏🀏
• All Greens (緑一色): Let the Hand consist only of Green Dragons and the Twos, Threes, Fours, Sixes, and Eights of the Bamboos.

• Example: 🀅🀅🀅🀑🀑🀒🀒🀓🀓🀕🀕🀕🀗🀗
• All Honors (字一色): Let the Hand consist only of Honors. Cumulative with Concealed Four.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀀🀁🀁🀂🀂🀂🀅🀅🀅🀆🀆🀆
• All Terminals (清老頭): Let the Hand consist only of Terminals. Cumulative with Concealed Four.

• Example: 🀇🀇🀇🀏🀏🀏🀐🀐🀐🀘🀘🀙🀙🀙
• Dragons Major (大三元): Get a Triplet for each of Dragons.

• Example: 🀄🀄🀄🀅🀅🀅🀆🀆🀆🀇🀈🀉🀑🀑
• Winds Minor (小四喜): Let the Head and 3 Bodies consist of Winds.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀂🀂🀂🀃🀃🀃🀖🀗🀘
• Straight Flush (連七対): Get Seven Heads with Numbers with consecutive ranks of the same suit.

• Example: 🀚🀚🀛🀛🀜🀜🀝🀝🀞🀞🀟🀟🀠🀠
• Four of a Kind (一色四順): Get 4 identical Bodies.

• Example: 🀃🀃🀓🀓🀓🀓🀔🀔🀔🀔🀕🀕🀕🀕
• Winds Major (大四喜): Worths 2 Yakumans. Get a Triplet for each of Winds. Cumulative with Concealed Four.

• Example: 🀀🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀂🀂🀂🀃🀃🀃🀖🀖
• The Septentrions (大七星): Worths 2 Yakumans. Get a Head with each of Honors. Supersedes All Honors.

• The only example: 🀀🀀🀁🀁🀂🀂🀃🀃🀄🀄🀅🀅🀆🀆

## Other rules about Mahjong

When a Hand can be interpreted as different combinations of Heads and Bodies, the combination with the most points will be chosen. (See Three of a Kind and Two Pairs above)

## Examples

🀅🀅🀋🀋🀌🀌🀍🀍🀑🀒🀓🀟🀠🀡 : Menzen Tsumo + One Pair = 2 points.

🀉🀊🀋🀌🀍🀎🀑🀒🀓🀔🀔🀞🀟🀠 : Menzen Tsumo + Pinfu + All Simples = 3 points.

🀀🀀🀀🀁🀁🀁🀂🀂🀂🀃🀃🀃🀆🀆 : Winds Major + Concealed Four + All Honors = 52 points. (Most points possible)

## Rules about code golf

• Input type and format doesn't matter, but it must consist of the Unicode characters above. In C++, valid examples include std::u8string (sorted or not) and std::multiset<u32char_t>.

• Output type and format doesn't matter either.

• Invalid Hands (not exactly 14 tiles, contains 5 copies of the same tile, etc) fall into don't care situation.

• If and only if your language doesn't support Unicode, use the following table to parse Mahjong tiles:

       |x0|x1|x2|x3|x4|x5|x6|x7|x8|x9|xA|xB|xC|xD|xE|xF
-------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
U+1F00x|We|Ws|Ww|Wn|Dr|Dg|Dw|T1|T2|T3|T4|T5|T6|T7|T8|T9
-------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
U+1F01x|B1|B2|B3|B4|B5|B6|B7|B8|B9|C1|C2|C3|C4|C5|C6|C7
-------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
U+1F02x|C8|C9|

• A related, more golfable challenge posted here: codegolf.stackexchange.com/q/199202/89459 – Dannyu NDos Feb 10 '20 at 6:30
• Maybe you need more testcase. At least one per yaku. – tsh Feb 10 '20 at 14:40
• Should output for 11112233778899m be 13 or 14? – tsh Feb 16 '20 at 7:02
• @tsh Since it has no Yakuman, its point is capped at 13. – Dannyu NDos Feb 16 '20 at 7:06
• Is Straight Flush (連七対) required to be All Simples (断幺九)? – tsh Feb 16 '20 at 7:15
• @tsh No. 小車輪, 大車輪, and their correspondent to other suits are all Straight Flush. – Dannyu NDos Feb 16 '20 at 7:17

# Be second to last

This is a challenge with a game with a clear winning strategy, but the winner is not the one who comes in first, but the one who comes in second to last! While losing is easy (just throw every game), just barely not losing is quite a task.

## The Game

The bots will be made to play games of normal Nim against each other. The rules are as follows:

• The board consists of a list of unsigned integers
• In alternating turns, the players reduce one non-zero element by an amount of their choosing, as long as the element is not negative afterwards
• The player who reduces the list to all entries being 0 wins

The length of the Nim list and its entries will be randomly determined for each game.

## The Tournament

All bots will compete against each other in a Danish-Style tournament:

• Initially, players are assigned positions in a list randomly
• After each round, the list is sorted by the amount of wins with an order-preserving method
• In each round, the players with the odd numbers play against those with the following even numbers (so 1st against 2nd, 3rd against 4th, and so forth)
• If the number of players is odd, the one in the middle position has a bye and is given 1 win without playing.
• The tournament ends after $$\\lceil \log_{2}(N_{Players}) \rceil\$$ (Binary logarithm of the number of players, rounded up) rounds.

The player in the second to last position of the list counts as the total winner of the tournament.

## King of the Hill

Each time the contest is run, 100 tournaments are played. The bots with the highest number of being second to last is the overall winner.

# Challenge Rules

• Each bot is a Python 3 class implementing the following functions:
• __init__(ID, n) passes the bot its randomly assigned ID for this tournament, and the total number of players.
• nim(self,list) which takes in the Nim board state and returns a tuple (index, amount), specifying from which list index to subtract what number. This function is repeatedly called during each game of Nim played, until a winner has been determined.
• rank(self,IDs,scores) which takes in the current order of ranking in the tournament, and the list of scores of each bot, ordered by ID. It returns nothing. This will be called for each bot after each round of tournament, as well as before the first round, to provide the ranking information if the bot requires it.
• Bots are explicitly allowed to implement further functions and store data for private use. Bots will only be deleted and re-initialized after each full tournament.
• Programming meta-effects are forbidden, meaning any attempts to directly access other bots' code, the Controller's code, causing Exceptions or similar. Any bot doing so is disqualified until fixed.
• The following will also be set up to cause Exceptions:
• nim returning an index of which the element is already 0
• nim return an amount larger than the element at that index
• Other languages are allowed only in case they can be easily converted to Python 3.
• Class names have to be unique
• Multiple bots per person are allowed, but only the latest version will be taken of iteratively updated bots.
• As per Standard Loopholes, copies of bots are not allowed. This includes bots who differ from other bots only by a trivial change in strategy (e.g. a change in the pseudorandom seed).

## Controller and Examples

Watch this space.

• this sounds fun! I have no idea how it fits this community, but I can't wait to see this in the main site! – RGS Feb 11 '20 at 16:04
• @RGS king-of-the-hill challenges are common -- not all challenges have to be code-golf. – S.S. Anne Feb 11 '20 at 23:55
• @S.S.Anne I know not everything has to be code golf, I'm just saying that in the little time I've been active, I've never seen a KotH challenge – RGS Feb 12 '20 at 7:01
• Me neither. This sounds great! – PkmnQ Mar 11 '20 at 5:21

# Find the most important character

The challenge is to write a program that outputs the most occurrent non-trivial* character in the input string, excluding these bracketing characters ()[]{}. A solution is scored by feeding the program's source into its input. Bracketing characters are allowed in the program, but may not be selected by the program as the most occurrent character. In cases where letters have the same percentile score, any of the characters can be returned, or all of them.

Write a program that has a maximal percentage of a single non-trivial* character, excluding these bracketing characters ()[]{}. Bracketing characters are allowed, but may not be selected as the highest-percentage character. Answer is scored as by running the program, with the program's source as its own input. In cases where letters have the same percentile score, any of the characters can be returned, or all of them.

*Non-trivial is defined in this case to be a character that contributes to the functionality of the program. If the character can be removed without influencing how the program runs, it is a trivial character.

## Scoring

Score is determined as follows:

$$(\frac{n_{char}}{n_{total}}) * 100\%$$

With nchar being the number of occurrences of that character in the input, and ntotal being the total number of non-trivial characters in the input. With this scoring criteria, all scores should be within the range (0,100]

Highest scoring solution per language wins.

## Input

Solutions should take in any valid string as input. Scoring is done using the program's source code as input(with all non-trivial charcters removed).

## Output

A single character with the highest percentage occurrence. Each solution should be capable of outputting standard ASCII, as well as the language's codepage (if applicable).

## Errata

Creative solutions are encouraged. Boring solutions with long padded strings substituted in for numbers are discouraged. Standard loopholes are disallowed.

## Examples

Program:

aabbbc

Output:

b

Program:

aabb

Output:

a or b or ab

• Since I don't see it mentioned, you may want to add we should aim for an as high as possible percentage as score. – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 8:25
• And if I understand it correctly the input is the only possible input for the program? So it won't have to work for other inputs as well (outputting the 'most important' character of that input). – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 8:36
• So something like '?? in 05AB1E (push "?" and output it, ignoring the input) would score 66.7%? – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 9:01
• You are correct on aiming for the highest score. My intention was that the code should work on any inputs, however scoring is only done on the program source itself. – JPeroutek Feb 12 '20 at 11:14
• Ah ok, that indeed seems better. You may want to clarify that a bit, since at the Input section it now only mentions "The program's source code", hence my confusion. – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 11:44
• You’re right, that bit is a tad vague. I will update when I get to work. – JPeroutek Feb 12 '20 at 11:46
• @KevinCruijssen I've edited the challenge to reflect these changes. Does this better reflect the challenge? – JPeroutek Feb 12 '20 at 13:39
• Yep, that's indeed a lot clearer! :) One more question: can the input potentially contain any unicode character, or is it limited to just printable ASCII and/or the language's used codepage? – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 13:41
• Hmm, well if the character isn't on the languages codepage then it likely wouldnt be used in a solution right? I'd think that any character that the program can successfully output would be valid. – JPeroutek Feb 12 '20 at 13:43
• "I'd think that any character that the program can successfully output would be valid." This is different than having to support the entire codepage or extended ASCII, though. I.e. an answer in Unary/Lenguage using a single character and printing that single used character would score 100%, since the only possible input is any amount of that chosen character. And an answer in Whitespace would only have to support spaces, tabs, and newlines as potential input in that case. If that's your intention than it's fine by me, but it's different than allowing the entire codepage as input. :) – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 14:06
• Ahh I see the distinction you are making. I'd say that the program should at least be able to printout standard ASCII, as well as the languages codepage. Does that sound reasonable? – JPeroutek Feb 12 '20 at 14:10
• Yep, that indeed sounds as a good solution. – Kevin Cruijssen Feb 12 '20 at 14:27

## Shift the digits code-golfintegerarithmeticrestricted-time

Here, x (supplied as input) and n (the result of your computation) are both positive integers. n * x = n shifted. Find n.

Here's an example of shifting:

123456789 -> 912345678
abcdefghi -> iabcdefgh (letters = any 0~9 digit)
123       -> 312


## Rules

• Preceding zeros count after shifting. If the number is 10 and is multiplied by 0.1 (0.1 isn't a valid input), the result is 1, which isn't equal to 01 (10 after shifting).
• Your code has to run on Try It Online without timing out.
• If your number only has one digit, the shifted result is your number:
1 -> 1
4 -> 4
9 -> 9


## Test cases

Just to show that it's possible ...

9 -> 10112359550561797752808988764044943820224719
(In this test case, x = 9 and n = 10112359550561797752808988764044943820224719.
n shifted = n * x =              91011235955056179775280898876404494382022471)


Don't believe it? Try it online.

• Is this the point of the challenge: "you hardcode any number you want in your code, I give you a number as input, you multiply your number by mine and right shift it once"? – lyxal Feb 16 '20 at 7:29
• @Lyxal The challenge should be self-explanatory. Can you understand it now? – user92069 Feb 16 '20 at 10:01
• Aha! So it's "x * n = x shifted, find n". I get it now! – lyxal Feb 16 '20 at 10:26
• I feel there is something I'm missing. Are you going to give as input only numbers that have a multiple that corresponds to said shifting? – RGS Feb 16 '20 at 18:06
• I've been doing some thinking and I believe that asking to find the smallest possible integer is impossible for numbers which aren't all the same digit. Some test cases would be helpful. – lyxal Feb 16 '20 at 20:33
• I've seen a really large integer (in a book) that shifts itself right once after being multiplied by 9. If that's really neccecary I'd try to type it here. – user92069 Feb 17 '20 at 2:46
• @Lyxal It's possible, see my test case. – user92069 Feb 17 '20 at 3:40
• @RGS I'm going to give any number that has a multiple; after division of that multiple by that number, the result will be the reverse of the shifting of the number. (I've changed my challenge since Lyxal "got" the formula.) – user92069 Feb 17 '20 at 3:43

Posted here

## Approximate Alternating Triangles

• I think your added explanation is good, though I admit I still don't see how the resulting image is a triangle. It may just be me, but maybe it would be easier to see if provided a drawing? – FryAmTheEggman Mar 2 '20 at 0:34
• Ah, I see, but why \ (sorry comment markdown is messing that up, just the one backslash...) on the left and not |? You could also try naming it "approximate alternating triangles" or something. – FryAmTheEggman Mar 2 '20 at 0:41
• look less like a triangle Why do you want to make it look _less than a triangle? Why not | to make it look more like a triangle? – Luis Mendo Mar 4 '20 at 11:45

# Japanese Encoding Conversioncode-golfencoding

• I think switching between hex and decimal in the definitions is more likely to cause confusion than sticking to just one of them. I think you also don't indicate that the tuples you define are bytes that are concatenated to the final result. I'm not sure if I'm misunderstanding, but doesn't the clipping mean converting from shift JIS is ambiguous? Separately, you can use \left and \right to make your brackets the right height. – FryAmTheEggman Mar 1 '20 at 18:40
• @FryAmTheEggman For the Shift_JIS case, the range used is [0x81-0x9F,0xE0-0xEF] for the first byte and [0x40-0x7E, 0x80-0xFC] for the second byte, which is of size precisely 8,836. Since 区 won't exceed 128, and the starting points of 点 in both cases are separated by 95, the first case won't overlap with the second. – Shieru Asakoto Mar 2 '20 at 3:24
• @FryAmTheEggman I wrote kuten in decimal and bytes in hexadecimal because they were so defined; edited to only show in decimal, but keep accepting both decimal and hexadecimal input/output form. – Shieru Asakoto Mar 2 '20 at 3:36
• Ah yes, I see where I made an error now. I think the rewrite you did makes it easier to read. I don't see anything else, though of course I don't speak for everyone. Good luck! – FryAmTheEggman Mar 2 '20 at 20:06
• Typo: monas should be moras. – Grimmy Mar 6 '20 at 14:24

• What happens if all integers are equally probable? Is that answer disqualified? Or does it score infinity? I also take it that there is a factor of randomness here, so perhaps you could mention that. – lyxal Feb 14 '20 at 6:21
• Of course, I may have missed the mark completely. Are we required to create our own scale of randomness (i.e. our own deviation from uniform randomness if that makes sense)? – lyxal Feb 14 '20 at 6:22
• If all integers are equally probably, wouldn't that give a score of effectively 0? (probability of 1/Integer.Max for the "most frequently occuring", which could be any of the integers)? – simonalexander2005 Feb 14 '20 at 12:08
• @Lyxal It is mathematically impossible for all integers to have equal probability. – Wheat Wizard Feb 14 '20 at 14:07
• This seems easy to score arbitrarily close to zero. For example, keep generating a random number from 1 to N until you get a 1, and count how many tries it takes before you succeed. To include negative outputs, pick a random sign. Make N large and the score tends to 0. – xnor Feb 14 '20 at 14:45
• @xnor There is a byte limit which stops "arbitrarily close" formulations. Did you miss this or am I missing what you are suggesting? – Wheat Wizard Feb 14 '20 at 15:28
• You're right, the byte limit stops you from actually getting arbitrarily close to 0. But, I expect there to be plenty of room in 100 bytes to stuff in some ginormous number bust-beaver style, at least in fairly compact languages. So, I think this challenge will mostly come down to "what's the biggest number you can express in 100-X bytes" where X is however many bytes the random part takes. – xnor Feb 14 '20 at 15:33
• My thought is that there are a number of possible things that you would be able to use as the random part each with different drawbacks and strengths. In my mind the challenge is sort of coming up with the random part that best fits the language. There is definitely going to be a big number component to this that is important, but since that has mostly been explored in other challenges I would expect borrowing there. – Wheat Wizard Feb 14 '20 at 15:36
• What do you think then about the challenge being just to generate a random integer so that each one has nonzero probability? I think that as is, the big number generation is so important to the score that it makes this a chameleon challenge. – xnor Feb 14 '20 at 15:42
• Alternatively, the "big number" N could be an input, and you stipulate that as N grows, the maximum chance of any integer to be chosen must approach zero. – xnor Feb 14 '20 at 15:43
• @xnor I think that I am pretty happy with the challenge as is. I prefer the current challenge over the suggested challenges since this one I feel has an incentive to loosen the distribution whereas I do not feel the others do. The big number generation is important, but I consider that as a more general technique. – Wheat Wizard Feb 14 '20 at 15:48
• Maybe I'm missing something about loosening the distribution. I'm envisioning solutions in a golfing language to be about 7 bytes of "take a number N and make a flat random distribution based on it" and 93 bytes of "generate a huge N". For regular languages with a random() function, maybe split it 25 bytes / 75 bytes. Maybe I'm missing something, but I can't really see a viable strategy that isn't effectively the N-input challenge I suggested but with big number generation code copy-pasted in for N. Do you think there is? – xnor Feb 14 '20 at 15:59
• – xnor Feb 14 '20 at 16:07
• I would allow for some entropy input to give pure languages a chance. – Jonathan Frech Feb 25 '20 at 1:16
• @JonathanFrech I would like to but it is a little difficult for entropy to make it work. If you have a concrete idea for how I might fairly introduce entropy, I am open to ideas. – Wheat Wizard Feb 25 '20 at 1:35

## Making Minimial Memory Masterpieces

In this challenge you will be asked to write a small computer program to paint an approximation of the painting Fine Wind, Clear Morning.

In this challenge we are going to start with a blank canvas. We are going to add an "ant" in the top left corner. You will be telling the ant how to paint the picture by writing its brain.

An ant is a simple creature, at a given time it knows two things.

• Some memories that it has

• The color of the pixel it is currently standing on

And at every step the ant consults these two things it knows and then

1. Draws one pixel of any color where it is standing

2. Moves one pixel in a cardinal direction

3. Replaces its all of its memory

The ant can thus be thought of as a function which takes a color and a value and spits out a color, a value and a cardinal direction.

For example here is the brain of an ant that draws a zigzag pattern in red

$$\ f(c,m) = \left\{\begin{matrix}(\mathrm{Red}, & \mathrm{South}, & 1) & \mathrm{if} & m = 0\\ (\mathrm{Red}, & \mathrm{East}, & 0) & \mathrm{if} & m = 1\end{matrix}\right. \$$

However our canvas is not infinite, so this ant would run into a border eventually. We will stop the ant if it tries to move off, by canceling its move and leaving it on the square it is on. You are free to use this behavior to your advantage.

The one issue here is that currently the ant will never stop, it will just keep painting forever. Which is why ants come with a builtin kill switch. When an ant's memories are equal to an exact value the ant explodes or something, ending the drawing.

Your submission will thus consist of 3 things

• The starting memory for your ant

• A description of the ant's function (more on this later)

• The ending memory for your ant

## Scoring

The goal of this challenge is to have the ant that requires the least memory to operate. We will count this by the number of different states your ant's memory can have.

Thus to score your answer you should run it on the canvas provided. Once the ant has finished your score will be the total number of distinct memories used by your ant through the process. We will include the initial memory even if it does not appear again, but you should not count the ending memory (the one that kills the ant).

The lowest score will be the winner.

## The painting

The painting will be a low resolution version of the one from the wikipedium. It will use 3 bit color resolution.

I will decide on the exact specific sizes and make the image in a bit.

A valid answer must produce this image exactly when run on the canvas.

## Verification Tool

I will make a tool for running and verifying programs, using a standardized format. It will be runnable in browser.

• I assume based on the scoring the ant is invalid if it fails to paint exactly the required picture? – FryAmTheEggman Mar 9 '20 at 20:37
• @FryAmTheEggman Yes thank you. That also reminded me of another thing I forgot to say in the challenge. – Wheat Wizard Mar 9 '20 at 20:47
• Interesting challenge, looks solid. Will there always be at least one empty column between lines or lane dividers, as seems to be in all examples? – xnor Mar 10 '20 at 11:08
• With your new clarification, can there be two adjacent lines? Also, can there be an input with just one line, or just empty space? Are trailing empty spaces a possibility? – xnor Mar 10 '20 at 11:59
• I meant in the input, but I guess whether the output can add or omit them could also be a question. – xnor Mar 10 '20 at 12:12
• Yes, I think you answered everything. So, if I got this right, I think this is a uniquely-matching regex of all valid inputs as sequences of columns, with e,l,d indicating empty, lane, and divider: e*(le(e|d)*e|le|l)*le*|e*. – xnor Mar 10 '20 at 12:26
• @xnor Took a little work to analyze but I think it is. – Wheat Wizard Mar 10 '20 at 12:39

## Golf yourself a real calculator [draft] code-golfarithmetic

We will only cover the characters(0123456789+-*/=%√±) in our tutorial.

### The = operations

Unlike most desktop calculators, our household calculator is a tacit language. Therefore it is able to do a lot more than other infix calculators.

Take a simple calculation as an example. The non-scientific calculator does not have the exponentiation operator. What do you do to calculate 2^5?

2*2====


However, there's a shortcut for doing that. Since 2 is already in the expression buffer, you can simply do

2*====


The calculator automatically fills in the current expression during the inputting.

Here is a demonstration of how this works:

(A template for easy copy&paste.

Pressed Key      :
Expression buffer:
Output buffer    :
)

Pressed Key      : 2
Expression buffer: 2
Output buffer    : 2

Pressed Key      : *
Expression buffer: 2 *
Output buffer    : 2

Pressed Key      : =
Expression buffer: * 2
Output buffer    : 4

Pressed Key      : =
Expression buffer: * 2
Output buffer    : 8

Pressed Key      : =
Expression buffer: * 2
Output buffer    : 16

Pressed Key      : =
Expression buffer: * 2
Output buffer    : 32


## Implicit 0 before calculation

Suppose you enterede the following expression:

*1


Now, don't get me wrong, the household calculator of course doesn't have pointers. So, why doesn't it raise a syntax error though? (The output is 0 by the way.) Here's why.

The calculator initially has the expression starting at 0, therefore it prepends a 0 to the expression. Therefore the full form of our expression is:

0*1


## What we've learned so far

• The output buffer is a part of the calculator storing the latest-evaluated integer. All entered numbers get appended to the output buffer as well as the expression buffer.
• The expression buffer is a part of the calculator storing the latest instruction. After a = operator, it stores the latest applied expression for later application.
• The = operator tries to evaluate the instruction buffer. If that's a syntax error, it tries to evaluate that concatenated the output buffer. If that still fails, it tries to evaluate the output buffer concatenated with the instruction buffer. After that operation, the expression starting from the newest-entered dyadic operator is saved in the expression buffer.

# RRE numbers code-golfdecision-problemnumberstring

Given a single floating-point number (which can potentially be taken as a string), output whether this decimal is an RRE number.

# RRE complement for the input number

Say your input is 3.14.

1. Replace the decimal point by the fraction bar. 3/14
2. Reciprocal the fraction. 14/3
3. Evaluate the fraction. 4.666...
4. Round the decimal point to the same length as the input. 4.67
5. If the absolute difference between the input and the output is below 2, it's an RRE number. Otherwise, it isn't an RRE number.

# Specification

1. Programs are allowed to give wrong output if the absolute difference is very close to 2.
2. The integral part of the decimal is always nonzero.
3. Truthy/Falsy outputs follows the language's convention, or exactly one value for truthy and another for falsy.

## Test cases

Here is a sample program I use to generate the test cases.

1.0     -> True
2.9     -> True
3.14    -> True
50.2501 -> True
2.14    -> False
2.11111 -> False
3.1     -> False
51.123  -> False
51.51   -> False
24.12   -> False

• 1) Rounding 4.666... to two decimal places gives 4.67. 2) Floating-point numbers are always subject to precision issues. I think it's best to let the programs take a string representation as input, and state that "programs are allowed to give wrong output if the absolute difference is very close to 2". 3) If the integral part is 0, the algorithm will invoke division by 0. Is handling it part of the challenge? – Bubbler Mar 27 '20 at 6:07
• 4) For truthy/falsy, it currently reads like I can output the input as-is and say "the program's output format is a RRE number for truthy, a non-RRE number for falsy". What I use is "truthy/falsy following the language's convention, or exactly one value for truthy and another for falsy". – Bubbler Mar 27 '20 at 6:13
• I don't see how restricted source will fit here. Btw, a big truthy test case: 50.2501 – Bubbler Mar 27 '20 at 6:39
• @Bubbler Ahh, the challenge is just about checking whether the square of the integral part is close to the the decimal part. Should I post it? – user92069 Mar 27 '20 at 6:43

# Context

When asked about the time (i.e. hours and minutes), people naturally reply with any one of a given set of fairly common sentences:

• (A) it is M past H
• (B) it is M to H
• (C) it is H minus M

Where M above refers to some amount of minutes and H to some amount of hours. Concrete corresponding examples, all referring to the time 3:40 pm:

• (A) it is 40 past 3
• (B) it is 20 to 4
• (C) it is 4 minus 20

Given two of these sentences, output a Truthy value if they represent the same time and a Falsy value if they do not.

# Input

Your input will be two sentences of the above, where references to minutes will always be rounded to the nearest multiple of 5 (i.e. the minutes will always be one of 5, 10, 15, 20, ..., 50, 55.

Because all sentences start with "it is " you may ommit that from your input sentences.

# Output

A Truthy value if the two times are the same, a Falsy value otherwise.

# Test cases

Here is a sample program for checking the test cases.

# Sandbox

Should the minutes and hours in the input com as integers instead of English words?

• Interesting challenge. Yes, the minutes and hours in the input should come as integers. Otherwise, this becomes a chameleon challenge that appears to be about parsing relation words, but actually is about parsing English numbers. I think you can make the challenge more interesting by adding (D) it is H M. Please address 1) how to distinguish AM/PM or that we don't need to, 2) how to deal with roll-overs like "5 to 0", and 3) if H and M have upper and lower bounds. – Adám Apr 1 '20 at 6:29
• I kid you not, I have never heard any one call it "H minus M". Still, I agree with @Adám that y'all need to ensure that input and output formats are what I like to call "reasonable and convenient", with extra emphasis on the "convenient" part. – lyxal Apr 1 '20 at 6:52
• @Lyxal Me neither. But actually, that can be fixed by changing "minus" to "in", as in "4 in 20 [minutes]" – Adám Apr 1 '20 at 6:55
• An alternative you might consider to checking if two sentences represent equal times, is to have code take just one and produce any "canonical form" of it, such that the canonical form can be anything where two inputs give the same canonical form if and only if they are equal. – xnor Apr 1 '20 at 9:15
• @petStorm thanks for your edit but I would prefer if you did not edit any reference programs into my sandboxed posts (you may comment with a TIO link) nor edited the challenge to cope with the feedback I get from commenters. The feedback is very good and I will take care of it, but I prefer to do it myself so I can do the changes I see necessary: e.g. if I am accepting hours and minutes as integers, I no longer want the minutes to be in the set 5, 10, 15, ..., 55. – RGS Apr 1 '20 at 11:48

# $$\\Theta(N\cdot\sqrt N)\$$ sort code-golfrestricted-complexityarray-manipulation

The challenge is to write a program that sorts an array of distinct positive integers in ascending order. You may input the array and output the result using the default IO methods.

However, the worst-case time complexity of the algorithm used must be $$\\Theta(N \cdot \sqrt N)\$$, where $$\N\$$ is the length of the input array.

You may not assume your built-in sorting functions to have any time complexity in particular. While you can implement a fast (e.g. $$\O(N \log N)\$$) sort and then perform pointless operations to increase the complexity, direct algorithms exist.

This question is tagged , so the shortest code wins!

## Sandbox stuff

I have noticed that a possible solution is, for example, to create a sorted multiset from the array and read it back. I would probably like to disallow that. Is there a way to achieve that without making the validity criteria subjective?

• I feel like this will be answered by implementing sorting efficiently, then doing something pointless for the required number of steps. – xnor Apr 1 '20 at 8:55
• @xnor That would involve implementing a O(n log n) sort or radix sort, which can be more complicated than a O(n*sqrt(n)) algorithm. There's, for example, a gap sequence that results in O(n * sqrt(n)) complexity for Shellsort. – the default. Apr 1 '20 at 9:04

posted

# Modify The Stack code-golfstack

Posted

• Specifying that the first element is the top of the stack could help understanding the challenge a lot. Can we use some other values instead of the stack elements a, b, c and/or the commands s, d, t? Also, the operation a b c -> b c a is often called rotate or roll. – Bubbler Mar 30 '20 at 2:38
• For test cases: a c b is tts. a b a b c can be done with dtdtt or dtdts. – Bubbler Mar 30 '20 at 2:41
• thanks, but dtdtt and dtdts doesn't work. – Command Master Mar 30 '20 at 5:29
• Sorry, I had the t operation mistaken, but your tdtsdt doesn't work either. The first operation should be s. – Bubbler Mar 30 '20 at 5:39
• right, I fixed that – Command Master Mar 30 '20 at 5:46
• I don't think the test cases are very helpful here until they are actually proven optimal... Do you really want to require input validation? If so, it is probably a very bad idea to post this without writing a reference implementation to make sure it's possible and not too annoying. (besides: I silently downvoted before because I simply dislike the idea, and not because of some specification issues, so I had nothing to comment) – the default. Apr 5 '20 at 16:05
• @mypronounismonicareinstate Sandbox is all about feedback. Silent downvotes don't help the challenge writer and the community. If you don't like the whole idea, you could say so in the comments in the first place (preferably with why you think that way), and then the challenge writer could consider to rewrite it or abandon it and try out something different. – Bubbler Apr 5 '20 at 23:25

# Compactify the input compressioncode-golfstring

Posted

• Off topic: BASIC programmers were often recommended to name their variables this way. – user92069 Apr 8 '20 at 14:26
• I agree that it's better to compress a single word instead. – user92069 Apr 8 '20 at 14:26
• hmm ok, I'll do that – Command Master Apr 8 '20 at 17:42
• I think the mention of compression and natural language is misleading, since it leads the reader to expect some compression based on the statistical properties of text. – xnor Apr 8 '20 at 18:36
• hmm ok, do you have an idea for a better name? – Command Master Apr 9 '20 at 4:53
• Do you think Compactify the name is a good idea? – user92069 Apr 9 '20 at 8:44
• – user92069 Apr 9 '20 at 8:46
• yes, I like that name, maybe Compactify the input though? As it doesn't have to be a name – Command Master Apr 9 '20 at 9:02
• I like Compactify the input – xnor Apr 10 '20 at 12:12
• Just an FYI, the regex \B[aeiou] matches each character to be removed. You may receive a lot of answers that are basically just that. – FryAmTheEggman Apr 12 '20 at 5:10

Posted

# Compress Numbers

Write two programs, a compressor and a decompressor.

## The compressor

• The compressor will accept a sequence of integers of any value from 0 to 263-1, expressed in any convenient format.
• You may specify the required format as long as any arbitrary sequence of integers in the required range may be expressed in this format.
• Behaviour is undefined for any input that does not conform to your required format.
• The output will be a self contained sequence of bytes.

## The decompressor

• The input will be an unmodified sequence of bytes produced by a valid input to the compressor.
• Behaviour is undefined for any other sequences of bytes.
• The output will be the same input to the compressor program that produced the provided sequence of bytes.

## Judging

The winning entry will be the valid entry that produces the smallest intermediate sequence of bytes for a sequence of integers that will be produced by the question setter that will be revealed after some number of entries have been submitted and only entries submitted prior to that reveal will be eligible to win.

This sequence will be generated by joining these following sequences into a single sequence and then randomly shuffling that single sequence.

• 1000 repetitions of the same randomly selected number from 0 to 9.
• 1000 repetitions of the same randomly selected number from 262 to 263-1.
• For each x in (8, 16, 32, 63):
• 1000 random numbers from 0 to 2x-1.

The question setter will answer the challenge with GZIP/GUNZIP at the highest compression setting with no additional processing. If that entry wins, the glory of winning will belong to the authors of GZIP.

## Tie-Breaker

If two or more entries produce produce byte sequences of the same size, the following criteria will decide the winner:

1. If one of those entries is the GZIP entry posted by the question setter, that entry will win.
2. The entry with the highest voting score wins.
3. The entry posted first wins.

# Reconstruct an image from columns graphical-output

You are given an image with all pixel-wide columns shuffled. The challenge is to attempt to reconstruct the image.

[image gallery of varying difficulties]

## Sandbox stuff

or (probably asking for fewest inversions)?

Random thought: if rearranging the pixels was similar to the assignment problem, this seems to be similar to the traveling salesman problem.

## A065825 code-golfsequencearithmetic

(This is A065825.) The defaults apply, so you can pick another format other than this one.

Given an input integer n, find the smallest number k so that there exists an n-item subset of {1,...,k} where no three items form an arithmetic progression.

## Procedure

Here, we calculate A065825(9).

We assume you have already looped from 1 to 19, and k=20 (it's just an example).

### 1. Generate a range from 1 to k.

[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20]


### 2. Pick n items from that sequence, following the original order of the sequence.

[1 2 6 7 9 14 15 18 20]


### 3. No 3 items form an arithmetic progression.

If a sequence has arithmetic progression, it basically means the sequence has the same step between every two consecutive items.

For example, the sequence of positive even numbers ([2 4 6 8 ...]) has a consistent step (i.e. 4-2=2, and 6-4=2, etc.), so it has arithmetic progression.

The Fibonacci sequence ([1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 ...]) does not have arithmetic progression, since it does not have a consistent step. (3-2=1, 5-3=2, 8-5=3, etc.)

As an example, let's pick 3 items from our generated sequence.

[1 2 6 [7 9 14] 15 18 20]


The picked 3-item sequence does not have arithmetic progression, since the differences are respectively 9-7=2 and 14-9=5.

This has to apply to every 3-item pair:

[[1 2 6] 7 9 14 15 18 20] (2 -1 =1, 6 -2 =4)
[1 [2 6 7] 9 14 15 18 20] (6 -2 =4, 7 -6 =1)
[1 2 [6 7 9] 14 15 18 20] (7 -6 =1, 9 -7 =2)
[1 2 6 [7 9 14] 15 18 20] (9 -7 =2, 14-9 =5)
[1 2 6 7 [9 14 15] 18 20] (14-9 =5, 15-14=1)
[1 2 6 7 9 [14 15 18] 20] (15-14=1, 18-15=3)
[1 2 6 7 9 14 [15 18 20]] (18-15=3, 20-18=2)


Here are some examples of picking non-consecutive items from the output sequence:

[1 [2] 6 [7] 9 [14] 15 18 20] (7-2=5,14-7=7)
[[1] 2 6 [7] [9] 14 15 18 20] (7-1=6,9 -7=2)


If the above is satisfied for k, then k is a valid output for A065825(9).

## Meta

Do you think this challenge should be splitted into separate challenges? It seems that it is a single sequence on OEIS.

## Test cases

Here is a reference program I use to check my test cases.

n       a(n)
1       1
2       2
3       4
4       5
5       9
6       11
7       13
8       14
9       20


# Are these two DFAs equivalent?

Two Deterministic Finite Automata or DFAs can be checked to see if they accept same set of strings in polynomial time. See section 3.3 of this for a long list of methods and this SO question/answer for a much shorter list.

Input

Your input will be two DFAs. In order to be able to test your code, it needs to be able to handle DFAs in the following format. This is taken directly from GAP (and slightly simplified).

Automaton( Type, Size, Alphabet, TransitionTable, Initial, Accepting )


For the input, Type will always be "det". Size is a positive integer representing the number of states of the automaton. Alphabet is the number of letters of the alphabet. TransitionTable is the transition matrix. The entries are non-negative integers not greater than the size of the automaton are also allowed. Initial and Accepting are, respectively, the lists of initial and accepting states.

For example:

Automaton("det",4,2,[ [ 1, 3, 4, 0 ], [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ] ],[ 3 ],[ 2, 3, 4 ])


This has transition table:

   |  1  2  3  4
-----------------
a |  1  3  4
b |  1  2  3  4
Initial state:    [ 3 ]
Accepting states: [ 2, 3, 4 ]


And diagram:

It is equivalent to:

Automaton("det",3,2,[ [ 1, 3, 1 ], [ 1, 2, 3 ] ],[ 2 ],[ 2, 3 ])


which has diagram:

A more complicated example:

Automaton("det",6,4,[ [ 0, 2, 3, 5, 0, 0 ], [ 1, 3, 5, 0, 0, 0 ], [ 1, 3, 5, 6, 0, 0 ], [ 2, 3, 5, 0, 0, 0 ] ],[ 1 ],[ 1, 4, 5, 6 ])


has diagram:

It is equivalent to:

Automaton("det",5,4,[ [ 2, 2, 2, 4, 5 ], [ 2, 2, 3, 1, 4 ], [ 2, 2, 3, 1, 4 ], [ 2, 2, 5, 1, 4 ] ],[ 3 ],[ 1, 3 ])


with diagram:

# More example of equivalent DFAs

1.

Automaton("det",18,4,[ [ 2, 2, 6, 10, 2, 6, 7, 16, 14, 10, 18, 14, 7, 14, 15, 16, 7, 18 ], [ 3, 3, 7, 11, 3, 7, 15, 11, 7, 17, 15, 18\
, 18, 7, 15, 17, 15, 15 ], [ 4, 4, 8, 7, 4, 13, 15, 15, 16, 7, 8, 7, 15, 7, 15, 15, 16, 13 ], [ 5, 5, 9, 12, 5, 14, 7, 13, 9, 14, 17, 12, \
13, 14, 15, 7, 17, 7 ] ],[ 1 ],[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18 ])

Automaton("det",16,"abcd",[ [ 1, 2, 15, 15, 5, 6, 7, 7, 6, 2, 16, 12, 12, 16, 15, 16 ], [ 1, 3, 1, 7, 9, 15, 1, 1, 15, 8, 7, 3, 8, 15, 1, \
15 ], [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 13, 4, 4, 10, 10, 1, 15, 15, 15, 2, 1, 15 ], [ 1, 15, 3, 4, 5, 16, 15, 3, 14, 4, 11, 16, 11, 14, 15, 16 ] ],[ 5 ],[ 2,\
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ])

2.
Automaton("det",50,4,[ [ 2, 2, 9, 13, 17, 9, 13, 17, 9, 24, 28, 30, 13, 33, 36, 30, 17, 9, 13, 9, 13, 39, 30, 24, 25, 44, 42, 28, 24, 30, 47, 39, 33, 50, 36, 36, 42, 46, 39, 25, 24, 42, 43, 44, 36, 46, 47, 42, 25, 50 ], [ 3, 6, 10, 14, 18, 10, 14, 20, 10, 25, 14, 10, 32, 34, 34, 38, 20, 10, 14, 10, 14, 38, 10, 25, 43, 34, 25, 45, 46, 10, 32, 49, 34, 43, 34, 49, 50, 50, 49, 50, 46, 25, 43, 49, 49, 50, 45, 50, 43, 43 ], [ 4, 7, 11, 15, 19, 11, 15, 21, 22, 26, 26, 31, 15, 11, 25, 15, 21, 11, 15, 11, 15, 40, 15, 40, 43, 43, 44, 26, 26, 15, 44, 31, 41, 26, 47, 25, 25, 22, 40, 43, 40, 25, 43, 43, 47, 41, 44, 44, 44, 40 ], [ 5, 8, 12, 16, 5, 12, 16, 8, 23, 27, 29, 12, 23, 35, 37, 16, 8, 12, 16, 12, 16, 41, 23, 42, 25, 40, 27, 27, 29, 23, 48, 45, 37, 49, 35, 42, 37, 48, 42, 40, 41, 42, 43, 25, 45, 37, 27, 48, 49, 25 ] ],[ 1 ],[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 ])

Automaton("det",39,4,[ [ 1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 24, 7, 8, 22, 20, 8, 32, 18, 18, 3, 19, 25, 18, 19, 20, 25, 22, 23, 24, 25, 25, 24, 23, 5, 2, 35, 32, 19, 19, 35, 36, 36, 36, 36 ], [ 1, 38, 1, 23, 15, 9, 11, 26, 23, 28, 26, 10, 9, 26, 1, 3, 22, 26, 3, 28, 22, 23, 1, 15, 3, 3, 15, 1, 28, 27, 10, 27, 23, 23, 38, 15, 28, 15, 28 ], [ 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 4, 12, 6, 6, 31, 31, 37, 37, 30, 5, 5, 29, 37, 3, 21, 4, 21, 4, 4, 4, 29, 30, 29, 1, 5, 29, 37, 5, 3, 29, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], [ 1, 16, 3, 4, 3, 21, 7, 18, 33, 39, 14, 13, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 34, 21, 34, 3, 19, 19, 16, 38, 15, 4, 33, 17, 18, 33, 34, 16, 19, 34, 38, 39 ] ],[ 7 ],[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 ])


3.

Automaton("det",288,4,[[2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 6, 10, 14, 18, 25, 29, 33, 36, 40, 43, 46, 36, 53, 10, 14, 18, 10, 14, 18, 25, 29, 60, 36, 29, 67, 71, 75, 77, 81, 83, 87, 88, 90, 94, 40, 98, 46, 104, 108, 111, 46, 116, 120, 75, 123, 127, 129, 53, 10, 14, 131, 129, 71, 75, 136, 140, 143, 146, 87, 149, 75, 67, 68, 155, 153, 156, 159, 161, 163, 75, 165, 77, 170, 81, 172, 81, 67, 88, 123, 156, 146, 87, 88, 156, 90, 183, 186, 188, 87, 90, 183, 94, 192, 143, 197, 199, 116, 75, 104, 108, 204, 172, 108, 208, 120, 127, 159, 90, 199, 163, 159, 215, 156, 149, 120, 153, 217, 123, 218, 131, 221, 127, 159, 87, 123, 225, 88, 155, 67, 165, 136, 227, 143, 221, 123, 218, 221, 143, 68, 67, 88, 123, 127, 143, 217, 68, 67, 153, 154, 155, 156, 234, 235, 159, 120, 161, 237, 143, 217, 165, 143, 241, 199, 188, 242, 197, 75, 67, 165, 241, 217, 248, 250, 172, 146, 221, 161, 225, 234, 111, 186, 153, 75, 217, 75, 188, 192, 257, 188, 68, 120, 90, 186, 127, 90, 208, 146, 221, 259, 140, 120, 235, 208, 165, 262, 199, 188, 68, 120, 215, 267, 217, 218, 250, 83, 75, 165, 75, 215, 225, 208, 234, 71, 149, 153, 75, 235, 208, 234, 67, 265, 272, 233, 241, 143, 120, 242, 257, 155, 153, 143, 153, 248, 267, 250, 116, 120, 75, 237, 71, 235, 250, 163, 259, 227, 153, 262, 67, 75, 155, 233, 272, 265, 116, 241, 281, 272, 68, 149, 120, 155, 283, 163, 67, 208, 285, 265, 287, 233, 285, 68, 287, 68], [3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 7, 11, 15, 22, 26, 30, 15, 37, 41, 44, 47, 50, 54, 11, 15, 19, 11, 15, 22, 26, 30, 61, 37, 30, 68, 72, 30, 78, 47, 84, 26, 30, 91, 37, 96, 99, 102, 105, 109, 112, 115, 117, 109, 122, 124, 128, 130, 54, 11, 15, 130, 132, 72, 30, 137, 141, 122, 147, 132, 150, 30, 68, 154, 109, 68, 157, 109, 162, 164, 30, 166, 168, 99, 102, 173, 175, 176, 177, 124, 128, 147, 132, 30, 72, 168, 184, 115, 189, 132, 96, 99, 37, 166, 195, 96, 99, 201, 150, 105, 109, 205, 164, 109, 154, 109, 157, 109, 211, 112, 213, 109, 154, 72, 109, 195, 208, 215, 124, 208, 130, 150, 166, 224, 26, 124, 157, 30, 226, 217, 166, 115, 213, 150, 30, 124, 208, 150, 195, 208, 176, 177, 124, 72, 224, 208, 233, 217, 68, 154, 195, 214, 195, 208, 109, 109, 236, 117, 195, 208, 214, 195, 201, 99, 173, 166, 168, 177, 68, 246, 213, 215, 68, 251, 173, 147, 150, 254, 166, 195, 99, 175, 208, 30, 215, 122, 164, 166, 251, 173, 154, 195, 78, 258, 166, 168, 154, 147, 150, 260, 141, 226, 217, 154, 214, 254, 184, 263, 154, 195, 154, 109, 208, 208, 269, 84, 177, 246, 150, 154, 166, 215, 195, 166, 150, 208, 150, 208, 215, 195, 215, 213, 195, 208, 213, 150, 195, 166, 254, 109, 68, 224, 233, 68, 109, 236, 201, 226, 150, 213, 166, 208, 277, 117, 278, 213, 233, 236, 215, 279, 195, 208, 224, 201, 117, 280, 254, 195, 208, 109, 109, 226, 213, 213, 215, 215, 277, 280, 195, 208, 236, 233, 195, 208], [4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 8, 12, 16, 23, 27, 31, 34, 38, 42, 12, 48, 51, 55, 12, 16, 20, 12, 16, 23, 56, 58, 62, 51, 65, 69, 73, 76, 79, 69, 85, 42, 89, 92, 95, 42, 100, 48, 106, 31, 113, 48, 118, 68, 48, 125, 48, 51, 55, 12, 16, 62, 51, 133, 135, 138, 56, 144, 62, 148, 151, 48, 144, 154, 154, 155, 69, 118, 154, 69, 48, 161, 79, 171, 69, 174, 69, 69, 178, 180, 69, 85, 148, 138, 182, 92, 95, 155, 135, 42, 92, 95, 148, 193, 76, 198, 200, 118, 48, 202, 58, 62, 206, 207, 69, 209, 210, 89, 92, 200, 135, 178, 216, 69, 174, 68, 68, 138, 202, 65, 219, 222, 48, 118, 148, 56, 138, 118, 154, 69, 155, 138, 228, 144, 206, 106, 229, 174, 144, 154, 144, 138, 202, 48, 144, 138, 154, 144, 68, 154, 154, 69, 228, 133, 152, 165, 154, 69, 182, 240, 155, 135, 155, 200, 135, 243, 198, 210, 244, 155, 165, 152, 249, 144, 206, 219, 252, 154, 178, 255, 113, 155, 155, 210, 240, 135, 135, 65, 151, 48, 155, 209, 92, 155, 210, 92, 244, 62, 206, 138, 202, 68, 151, 144, 161, 68, 200, 135, 265, 165, 266, 73, 152, 207, 144, 62, 48, 161, 76, 249, 138, 69, 271, 133, 73, 265, 135, 151, 144, 266, 144, 155, 182, 133, 155, 182, 161, 274, 151, 161, 265, 135, 155, 266, 151, 144, 138, 161, 275, 69, 73, 276, 144, 135, 138, 249, 68, 68, 244, 135, 161, 151, 144, 155, 138, 155, 151, 144, 155, 151, 161, 161, 249, 69, 69, 244, 144, 155, 271, 276, 144, 155, 266, 265], [5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 9, 13, 17, 24, 28, 32, 35, 39, 28, 45, 49, 52, 9, 13, 17, 21, 13, 17, 24, 57, 59, 63, 64, 66, 70, 74, 32, 80, 82, 86, 28, 32, 93, 39, 97, 101, 103, 107, 110, 114, 66, 119, 121, 49, 126, 49, 52, 9, 13, 17, 63, 64, 134, 59, 139, 142, 145, 63, 64, 152, 66, 153, 68, 144, 70, 158, 160, 151, 134, 66, 167, 169, 101, 134, 59, 70, 82, 179, 181, 82, 86, 64, 66, 74, 169, 185, 187, 190, 97, 191, 101, 64, 194, 196, 191, 101, 160, 103, 203, 160, 63, 103, 121, 195, 110, 179, 110, 212, 114, 214, 167, 213, 134, 160, 153, 121, 158, 203, 187, 220, 223, 66, 119, 57, 142, 139, 59, 151, 134, 187, 66, 214, 152, 66, 107, 230, 231, 153, 144, 145, 139, 203, 103, 232, 187, 151, 152, 153, 154, 68, 70, 214, 187, 121, 160, 68, 238, 239, 230, 70, 214, 187, 101, 59, 194, 169, 179, 245, 247, 214, 232, 70, 152, 66, 220, 253, 144, 194, 196, 101, 70, 187, 194, 256, 190, 231, 66, 152, 66, 195, 196, 80, 247, 194, 169, 213, 63, 103, 139, 203, 261, 152, 68, 239, 121, 185, 264, 213, 214, 68, 268, 121, 121, 145, 63, 139, 270, 223, 195, 66, 238, 239, 187, 74, 230, 231, 121, 266, 153, 232, 195, 236, 273, 70, 74, 239, 66, 121, 268, 245, 119, 247, 153, 144, 153, 187, 270, 253, 195, 167, 230, 232, 119, 66, 70, 261, 153, 256, 264, 236, 144, 266, 273, 158, 247, 144, 68, 273, 121, 167, 282, 195, 70, 158, 284, 266, 286, 236, 288, 68, 286, 68, 288]],[1],[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288])

Automaton("det",266,4,[[1, 127, 50, 50, 115, 249, 50, 8, 257, 10, 151, 12, 13, 14, 81, 78, 34, 106, 137, 107, 21, 22, 82, 89, 71, 43, 43, 62, 63, 63, 44, 10, 179, 171, 214, 265, 206, 38, 137, 152, 21, 151, 71, 22, 41, 41, 47, 13, 49, 50, 50, 210, 50, 210, 116, 90, 64, 49, 207, 207, 207, 62, 232, 64, 64, 89, 151, 236, 236, 70, 71, 236, 116, 260, 128, 75, 13, 38, 77, 133, 14, 82, 13, 13, 77, 235, 64, 64, 231, 206, 138, 91, 91, 206, 90, 264, 137, 169, 10, 10, 41, 71, 232, 228, 232, 21, 21, 107, 106, 110, 111, 266, 256, 114, 114, 116, 251, 251, 116, 114, 114, 111, 266, 260, 122, 182, 127, 128, 129, 213, 132, 132, 129, 49, 49, 138, 138, 138, 249, 71, 43, 43, 210, 235, 183, 214, 132, 265, 206, 138, 232, 64, 64, 153, 153, 64, 152, 152, 82, 236, 236, 82, 116, 116, 64, 207, 266, 64, 231, 169, 171, 250, 227, 70, 175, 175, 176, 10, 47, 178, 178, 110, 111, 266, 260, 122, 266, 127, 213, 49, 49, 152, 257, 153, 257, 90, 90, 183, 250, 264, 62, 228, 229, 82, 82, 206, 64, 266, 249, 249, 249, 242, 213, 214, 64, 116, 114, 114, 50, 50, 236, 236, 261, 115, 152, 251, 8, 228, 229, 229, 231, 232, 237, 235, 235, 236, 237, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 242, 242, 242, 115, 251, 249, 250, 116, 116, 116, 207, 64, 265, 266, 257, 256, 266, 264, 261, 260, 264, 265, 266], [1, 125, 1, 114, 114, 121, 115, 3, 23, 19, 13, 15, 230, 28, 201, 202, 16, 84, 123, 103, 105, 208, 114, 84, 172, 199, 199, 119, 83, 83, 123, 170, 16, 31, 27, 26, 25, 104, 102, 23, 28, 13, 120, 208, 48, 103, 19, 230, 239, 1, 114, 218, 115, 219, 82, 140, 23, 208, 204, 216, 216, 119, 174, 119, 119, 84, 13, 115, 115, 50, 120, 50, 82, 204, 262, 79, 230, 104, 203, 85, 28, 114, 230, 230, 203, 3, 23, 119, 96, 96, 96, 123, 102, 140, 208, 3, 200, 200, 98, 97, 103, 120, 119, 120, 119, 28, 105, 103, 105, 54, 3, 23, 141, 1, 250, 50, 82, 114, 50, 1, 250, 3, 3, 219, 219, 125, 54, 263, 124, 124, 27, 124, 223, 208, 239, 25, 208, 208, 120, 120, 217, 217, 217, 120, 120, 142, 142, 141, 140, 140, 174, 174, 174, 204, 216, 23, 119, 23, 250, 114, 114, 250, 162, 162, 159, 205, 159, 159, 208, 123, 170, 1, 219, 50, 208, 208, 123, 177, 177, 19, 170, 173, 172, 172, 199, 199, 23, 186, 185, 184, 184, 23, 120, 216, 23, 140, 208, 120, 1, 3, 119, 120, 114, 114, 250, 239, 119, 3, 121, 3, 120, 219, 212, 212, 23, 50, 1, 250, 1, 114, 50, 114, 219, 114, 23, 114, 3, 120, 114, 114, 208, 119, 125, 121, 3, 50, 54, 120, 3, 120, 121, 3, 120, 218, 219, 217, 114, 114, 3, 1, 250, 250, 250, 253, 252, 173, 172, 120, 125, 3, 3, 219, 219, 3, 54, 3], [1, 1, 249, 249, 6, 1, 1, 247, 7, 130, 167, 17, 11, 66, 33, 33, 131, 136, 10, 32, 150, 9, 112, 36, 149, 112, 149, 56, 167, 37, 181, 130, 35, 147, 139, 51, 139, 11, 10, 234, 147, 37, 148, 113, 136, 136, 146, 24, 249, 1, 1, 249, 249, 249, 139, 6, 238, 127, 134, 238, 134, 9, 148, 238, 134, 167, 36, 50, 249, 247, 73, 249, 51, 139, 112, 167, 76, 76, 11, 167, 80, 73, 67, 66, 66, 135, 58, 58, 112, 139, 233, 100, 100, 2, 6, 95, 10, 32, 130, 130, 99, 94, 94, 56, 149, 150, 147, 150, 136, 51, 51, 51, 7, 51, 51, 51, 7, 6, 139, 139, 139, 2, 58, 134, 139, 7, 1, 112, 112, 249, 238, 238, 112, 249, 127, 238, 233, 238, 1, 149, 112, 149, 249, 135, 7, 139, 238, 51, 139, 238, 112, 238, 233, 234, 234, 134, 234, 190, 112, 50, 249, 73, 139, 51, 238, 134, 51, 134, 148, 32, 147, 145, 145, 145, 258, 259, 180, 130, 146, 189, 189, 51, 51, 134, 134, 139, 2, 1, 249, 127, 249, 191, 191, 191, 188, 188, 188, 188, 198, 197, 196, 196, 195, 187, 187, 139, 233, 134, 127, 127, 127, 49, 249, 139, 243, 211, 211, 211, 210, 210, 210, 210, 95, 209, 241, 209, 126, 117, 117, 9, 112, 112, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 49, 49, 127, 127, 127, 249, 249, 249, 7, 7, 1, 247, 51, 139, 211, 134, 134, 51, 51, 7, 7, 2, 126, 145, 139, 247, 51, 51], [1, 51, 3, 4, 4, 7, 7, 50, 73, 61, 11, 12, 40, 109, 101, 93, 45, 18, 19, 20, 21, 64, 161, 29, 193, 118, 193, 65, 11, 42, 19, 59, 30, 46, 163, 164, 163, 40, 39, 57, 46, 42, 246, 60, 18, 21, 61, 158, 72, 50, 51, 53, 53, 3, 55, 55, 57, 246, 156, 64, 65, 64, 155, 64, 65, 11, 29, 68, 69, 236, 160, 72, 73, 55, 157, 11, 154, 154, 40, 11, 46, 160, 225, 192, 192, 86, 87, 88, 157, 118, 155, 19, 39, 74, 161, 239, 92, 92, 166, 254, 20, 144, 88, 240, 65, 109, 108, 21, 21, 50, 50, 73, 73, 50, 247, 236, 73, 161, 72, 3, 5, 54, 86, 239, 3, 51, 50, 64, 64, 161, 165, 64, 157, 161, 245, 165, 60, 64, 51, 240, 161, 240, 4, 144, 51, 55, 57, 73, 55, 57, 157, 157, 155, 57, 64, 156, 64, 87, 118, 160, 161, 248, 163, 164, 165, 168, 164, 168, 60, 19, 108, 3, 3, 72, 64, 60, 19, 194, 194, 61, 59, 247, 247, 193, 193, 5, 74, 7, 69, 244, 69, 156, 240, 65, 74, 74, 246, 143, 219, 86, 88, 144, 222, 222, 226, 72, 60, 239, 52, 54, 143, 239, 72, 72, 215, 221, 219, 224, 219, 220, 221, 222, 239, 220, 215, 222, 54, 160, 160, 161, 64, 64, 160, 68, 236, 236, 236, 160, 239, 240, 244, 245, 246, 69, 72, 161, 51, 160, 50, 50, 248, 118, 226, 255, 255, 248, 248, 160, 160, 245, 245, 72, 72, 236, 236, 236]],[12],[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266])


4.

Automaton("det",9,4,[[1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 5, 2], [1, 1, 2, 8, 2, 2, 1, 6, 2], [1, 1, 2, 7, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],[4],[2, 6])

Automaton("det",100,4,[[0, 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 81, 84, 85, 86, 90, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51, 54, 55, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],[39],[1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 49, 50, 52, 53, 57, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100])


5.

# Non-equivalent DFAs


Automaton("det",100,4,[[0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 56, 57, 60, 62, 64, 65, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 47, 49, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 46, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 40, 42, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],[52],[1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100])

Automaton("det",100,4,[[0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 78, 79, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 97, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 70, 74, 76, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],[17],[1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 62, 64, 66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 79, 83, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100])

Automaton("det",100,4,[[2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [2, 4, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 84, 86, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],[46],[1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98])

Automaton("det",100,4,[[0, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 75, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 98, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],[45],[2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 71, 72, 76, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 100])


# Score

This question is and . Your code must be able to run all the test cases in less than a minute on TIO.

## Island Rose Breeder

Island Roses have an extremely simple genetic code, with just 4 genes: R, Y, W, and B, each with two alleles. This means their entire genome can be represented by four 2-bit gene pairs of the form: 00-00-00-00 (01 and 10 are equivalent)

Island Roses can be bred together. When two roses are bred, each parent flower donates one allele for each gene. This can be represented by Mendelian genetics via a Punnett square:

For instance, a 01-00-11-11 flower that is bred with a 01-00-11-11 flower will result in either:

• a 00-00-11-11 flower (25% chance)
• a 01-00-11-11 flower (50% chance)
• a 11-00-11-11 flower (25% chance)

Based on their genes, Island Roses can display one of 8 phenotypes -- colors.

A list of the genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes can be found here.

## Challenge

Given a starting stock of Roses, determine how many generations (and which Roses to use) it would take to breed a particular phenotype.

Because genetic testing is expensive, you can only identify the results of breeding by observing the phenotype of the offspring. For example, Breeding two 11-00-00-01 (Red) roses gives three distinct phenotypes, so any Black rose that results must have genotype of 11-00-00-11.

In the case of ambiguous phenotypes, subsequent generations of breeding can be done to disambiguate the specific phenotypes.

Example Input Roses:

• 11-00-00-01
• 00-00-01-00
• 00-11-00-00

Target Phenotype:

• 11-11-11-00
• Could you add some examples of what output should look like? Some test cases showing input -> output would also be helpful. Finally, make sure to mention the winning criteria (eg. if it's Code Golf, you should explicitly mention that) – math junkie Apr 25 '20 at 21:28

# Vampire Bats code-golfpath-finding

TwilightSparkle needs help controlling COVID-19 in Equestria.

The bats are spreading the virus in the APL orchard. The orchard is an N×M rectangle of APL trees and the bats are on some of the trees.

The "Asdfjklio" spell can be casted to travel through a specified path starts on a bat and ends on a bat and destroy every bats it reaches. Asdfjklio can only move horizontally or vertically.

Your task is to output how many paths are there to destroy all of the bats.

They crossed the line, it's time to fight them back!

This is , so shortest code wins.

## An example

Suppose there are two bats on respective grids, where X stands for the bats and . stands for empty spaces:

.X
X.


The Asdfjklio spell can travel in any path specified, although it has to start with a bat grid and end with a bat grid.

So there are 4 possible ways to destroy all the bats:

>>| ^| v|<<|
^ |>>|<<|v |


## Sandbox

• Is this task a dupe? If so I would change it to other (less interesting) candidates.
• Input format?
• 0 paths, because there are no bats in Equestria! – user92069 Apr 28 '20 at 2:36
• @petStorm Okay. How do I clarify the question? – null Apr 28 '20 at 2:38
• So it is about counting all paths that starts and ends with a bat, and goes through every single bat on the grid, not visiting any grid cell twice, right? Do we count all paths regardless of the path lengths (e.g. if the grid is XX\n.., the U-shaped path does count too)? What if there is only one bat or no bats? – Bubbler Apr 28 '20 at 3:26
• If you have problem describing the I/O format, look for existing challenges on main that have similar kind of I/O. As it involves a 2D grid, checking out grid will help. – Bubbler Apr 28 '20 at 3:28
• @Bubbler Yep, regardless of the path length. – null Apr 28 '20 at 3:58
• I wonder whether is this NP-hard (and, if so, what related problems exist). – the default. May 1 '20 at 2:27

# Linear recurrences code-golfmaths

This is the fourth post for the second RGS's Golfing Showdown.

# Rationale

Feel free to skip this, as I'm just sharing the train of thought that led me to creating this challenge.

The Fibonacci sequence we all know and love (?) is the sequence that whose first terms are

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711 28657 46368 75025 121393 196418 317811 514229 832040


and starting from 1 1, each following number is obtained from the sum of the previous two. An interesting thing about the Fibonacci sequence is that it can be used to calculate the growth of a population of rabbits (see 4th, 5th, ... chapters of the linked section). Then I thought, what if I use it to calculate the number of people infected by COVID?

I tried reasoning to try and find sensible weights for a possible mock linear recursion to model the number of infected people, but I failed to do so. I need you to help me test my models.

Code a function that takes a set of initial values and a set of weights (with the same length as the set of initial values) and then allows one to generate the sequence specified by the initial values and weights. Formally, if the $$\k\$$ initial values are $$\T_1, T_2, \cdots, T_k\$$ and the weights are $$\w_1, w_2, ..., w_k\$$ then the $$\n\$$th term of your sequence is given by $$\T_n\$$ if $$\n \leq k\$$, otherwise it is defined recursively by

$$T_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^k T_{n-i}w_{k-i+1} = T_{n-1}w_{k-1} + T_{n-2}w_{k-2} + \cdots + T_{n-k}w_{1}$$

# Input

You must take two lists of numbers as input for the initial values and weights. Any sensible format is allowed. One or both lists can be reversed.

• take no extra input and generate the sequence infinitely
• take an extra integer n and generate the first n terms
• take an extra integer n and generate the nth term (0- or 1- indexed)

# Output

See input section above.

# Test cases

Each 3 lines give the initial values, the weights, and then the first 10 terms of each sequence. Reference APL program.

Bonus imaginary internet points if your solution handles floating point initial values/weights.

1
2
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

1
3
1 3 9 27 81 243 729 2187 6561 19683

1 1
1 1
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55

1 1
2 2
1 1 4 10 28 76 208 568 1552 4240

1 1
3 4
1 1 7 31 145 673 3127 14527 67489 313537

1 2
1 1
1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1 2
2 2
1 2 6 16 44 120 328 896 2448 6688

1 2
3 4
1 2 11 50 233 1082 5027 23354 108497 504050

2 2
1 1
2 2 4 6 10 16 26 42 68 110

2 2
2 2
2 2 8 20 56 152 416 1136 3104 8480

2 2
3 4
2 2 14 62 290 1346 6254 29054 134978 627074

1 6
1 1
1 6 7 13 20 33 53 86 139 225

1 6
2 2
1 6 14 40 108 296 808 2208 6032 16480

1 6
3 4
1 6 27 126 585 2718 12627 58662 272529 1266102

1 1 1
1 2 3
1 1 1 6 21 76 276 1001 3631 13171

1 2 1 1
1 1 1 10
1 2 1 1 14 144 1456 14719 148804 1504359

• Mathematica has LinearRecurrence (of course). – the default. Apr 28 '20 at 16:03
• @mypronounismonicareinstate that doesn't bother me; Mathematica's builtins tend to be long. I expect submissions shorter than that :) – RGS Apr 28 '20 at 16:06
• How is this a reference program? I can't read it. – S.S. Anne Apr 29 '20 at 0:33
• I don't see why this is -2. – the default. Apr 30 '20 at 4:28

## Which anagram is the user trying to guess?

### Input

1. A list (in any form) of target words
2. A guess word

You can take these in any form (eg, an array in which the first element is the guess word).

### Output

• If the letters of the guess word occur (in any order) in exactly one of the target words, output that target word.
• Otherwise do something other than output letters. (Outputting nothing, or a number is fine. Throwing an error is fine. Infinite looping is not fine. :))

### Assumptions

• The members of the list, and the guess word, are each strings of 1-15 lowercase letters.
• Members of the list might be anagrams of each other. (In this case, no guess word will ever succeed.)

### Examples

• list: fish, dog, cat, horse, porcupine:
• guess: re -> (fail)
• guess: so -> horse
• guess: god -> dog
• guess: kitten -> (fail)

### Scoring and rules.

Code golf. Standard rules, no standard loopholes etc.

• "Don't assume that no two members of the list are anagrams of each other" The double negative is hard to read at first glance, consider changing it to "Members of the list may be anagrams of each other" – math junkie Apr 29 '20 at 16:50
• – math junkie Apr 29 '20 at 16:52
• @mathjunkie Thanks, nice one. – Steve Bennett Apr 29 '20 at 23:37

### Premise

I've crafted this zero-player game in an attempt to create a problem simple to explain but that would require an intricate implementation.
Sadly in the making of it, I realized that annoying conditions are required for safety (avoid to get stuck in loops) and non-ambiguity.

Ask me justifications for any rule that seems too arbitrary. Unfortunately it turned out to be 50% design and 50% precautions.

# Turning Tiles game

The field of this game is a square toroidal grid (like that of Snake or Pacman) populated by dots. Each grid unit is one of the following:

• tile (there are $$\4\$$ type of tile, indicating directions e.g.: ^ > v < or 1 2 3 4)
• wormhole

The dot behaviour is very simple: it moves following the direction indicated by the tiles it walks on, and to wreak havoc after each step it rotates the left tile in a copycat fashion.
When two dots collide they will remain together forever and can be considered as one.
So the dots will either converge into one (wormholes facilitate this scenario) or remain stuck in a loop.

## Detailed explanation:

One iteration of the game consists of three phases:

• Move (M)
• Peek (P)
• Edit (E)

Phases are performed individually by each dot: next phase will begin only when every dot completed current phase.

At the beginning of iteration i there are ni distinct dots.
(when n>0) if ni < ni-1 then iteration i is a downgraded iteration.

Let x be a dot.

def tunnelling?:
- If x is on a tile do nothing.
- If x is on a wormhole it will immediately exit from the linked wormhole keeping the direction and tunnelling? is called.

def handle_overwrite_error:
- If multiple overwrite errors occurred in current iteration, x won't overwrite its starting tile.
- Else a wormhole will open in place of x's starting tile.

begin iteration

M:
The tile x is on becomes its starting tile.
x moves one unit in the direction indicated by its starting tile and tunnelling? is called.
The tile x is on becomes its landing tile.
___

P:
x peeks at the landing tile of its closest dot(s) and plans its editing.
If the overwiting direction can't be uniquely determined (*) an overwrite error will rise for x.
___

E:
If x raised an overwrite error, handle_overwrite_error is now called.
Else x overwrites its starting tile with the direction decided in P.
___

If a wormhole appeared under someone's feet, that dot disappear (exiting direction couldn't be decided).
(This rule guaratees that tunnelling? will always terminate.)

end iteration

Wormholes chain: since one single wormhole is allowed to open in each iteration, wormholes inherit their linkage order by the chronological order they popped-up. Last wormhole close the chain.

Metric: unsurprisingly taxicab metric applyied on a toroidal grid...

• But here can enter the picture a devilish modification. What if the wormholes play a role in the metric? So that let's say x and y are 2 unit apart, with a wormhole in between they would be 4 unit apart instead. Also to find the closest dot would be totally trickier, cause the paths through any nearby wormhole have to be tried.

(*): For the overwriting direction not to be decidible the presence of multiple dots sharing the propriety "x doesn't have any dot closer than me" is necessary but not sufficient. Also their landing tiles have not to be the same.

# What can be asked? (feedback)

Is this an interesting game?

Probably I've exaggerated it in the explanation but I cared to be as clear as possible and many requirements are conceivable to make it work.
Of course if that's too much I'd give up wormhole...

Rules in Shortest Game of Life inspires me

Of course the input would be the starting configuration, should wormholes be prohibited in input?

If simulation is not visually shown there would be an ITERATION_CAP
Fixed or passed in input as well?

Regarding output, the quirk of this game are the downgraded iterations. I thought that the sequence (or sum) of their indices can be returned along with last number of distinct dots...

This will be challenge, so the shortest code wins.
Default loopholes are forbidden.

## Modular distance code-golfintegercounting

You are given 3 non-negative integers: the domain d, the beginning index b, and the ending index e.

## What is a modular distance?

Assume d=5 here. First, generate a range from 0 to 5-1:

0 1 2 3 4


We start from the beginning index. Assuming that is 3:

0 1 2 3 4
^


We continually go right, circling every number we've passed, until we met the ending index e.

0 1 2 O O
^


If the pointer is at the right end, it wraps around to the left.

Assuming e=0:

O 1 2 O O
^


We filter out every item we've circled:

0 3 4


Then, find how many items there are in this list:

3


Subtract it by 1 and it's our result:

2


## Specification

• You can always assume that b<d and e<d.

## Test cases

6 2 5 -> 3
5 3 0 -> 2

• Do you mean to say "we filter out every item we haven't circled"? – lyxal May 5 '20 at 8:30
• Is the modular distance just $(e - b) \bmod d$ ? – dingledooper May 5 '20 at 20:57

# Parse vietnamese infinite decimal notation

I wanted to express infinite decimals in text, but overlines are hard.

You need to take a decimal in vietnamese notation, and output the first 10 or more digits of the normal variant.

## The notation

The way it works is that you have 0.ab(cd) and it means 0.abcdcdcd.... Of course, you can have any amount of digits in each spot, even zero. You can also omit the infinite part to represent finite decimals.

## Notes

It's allowed to not accept 0.2 or 0.2() as input, and it's also allowed to output 0.2000000000 if you do accept them as input.

• Can we output the variant infinitely, instead of outputting the first 10 digits? – user92069 May 6 '20 at 6:52
• An existing keyboard-friendly notation is 0.ab(cd) (Wikipedia reference). – Bubbler May 6 '20 at 6:57
• @Λ̸̸ Sure. I'll edit the question. – PkmnQ May 6 '20 at 8:22
• So is the challenge just to split at the ( and then append the first part to the stuff in the brackets repeated 10 times? – math junkie May 6 '20 at 16:21
• Is this a good time to post the question? – PkmnQ May 10 '20 at 9:22

# Arithmetic Square code-golfgridarithmetic

Note: Credit goes to CCC 2019 S3 for the problem

You are given a $$\ 3 \times 3 \$$ grid which contains integers. Some of the $$\ 9 \$$ elements in the grid already have a value, and some of them remain unknown.

Your task is to fill in values for the unknown elements such that for each row, when read left-to-right, produces an arithmetic sequence, and that for each column, when read top-to-bottom, is also an arithmetic sequence.

Recall that an arithmetic sequence of length $$\ 3 \$$ is a sequence of integers in the form

$$a, a + d, a + 2d$$

for integer values of $$\ a \$$ and $$\ d \$$. Note that $$\ d \$$ may be any integer, including zero and negatives.

## Input Specification

• You may input the $$\ 3 \times 3 \$$ grid in any sensible format
• The unknown values may be represented by any character, so long that it is not a number (i.e. $$\ 0-9 \$$)

## Output Specification

• The output must be in the same format as the input, with the exception of unknown values becoming integers
• All rows and columns must form arithmetic sequences
• There is guaranteed to be at least one solution, and you may output any of them

## Test Cases

(This is the only solution)
8  9 10       8  9 10
16  X 20  ->  16 18 20
24  X 30      24 27 30

(This is one of many solutions)
14  X  X      14 20 26
X  X 18  ->  18 18 18
X 16  X      22 16 10

(This is the only solution)
X -1 -2       0 -1 -2
5  X  3  ->   5  4  3
X  X  X      10  9  8

(This is one of many solutions)
X  X  X       0  0  0
X  X  X  ->   0  0  0
X  X  X       0  0  0
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This is , so the shortest code in bytes wins!