# [Python][1]

**General I/O**

Your submission should be a program or a function. It should print the output or return it. These example submissions compute the [factorial][2] in Python 2:

<!-- language-all: lang-python -->


    # Program that prints
    n=input();p=1
    for i in range(1,n+1):p*=i
    print p

    # Defined function that outputs or prints
    def f(n):
     p=1
     for i in range(1,n+1):p*=i
     print p

    # Lambda function, no name needed
    lambda n:reduce(int.__mul__,range(1,n+1))

    # Lambda function, named to use recursive call
    f=lambda n:1 if n==0 else n*f(n-1)

You may not expect input pre-written to a variable.

    # Invalid, expects input in n
    p=1
    for i in range(1,n+1):p*=i
    print p
    
Nor may you output just by saving the result to a variable.

    # Invalid, doesn't output result
    n=input();p=1
    for i in range(1,n+1):p*=i

Nor can the output just be the value of an expression like in the interactive shell.

**Inputs**

We're liberal about input formats. For example, if a challenge says to take a list of numbers, you may expect a Python list like `[1,2,3]`, not like `"1 2 3"`. So, a Python 2 program can do

    l=input()

rather than

    l=map(int,raw_input().split())

Likewise, when a program takes string input, you may expect it in quotes to use `input()` in Python 2 rather than `raw_input()`.

**Version**

Either Python 2 or Python 3 is fine. If the code requires a specific version, include the version number in the header.

**Libraries**

You may import libraries. The `import` statement counts as part of the code length. If it's a non-default library, say `scipy`, call the language "Python with scipy" in the header.

**Truthy/Falsey**

Some challenges ask for a output to be truthy or falsey, which is determined by the value of `bool(x)`. In Python, only `False`, `0`, `None`, and empty collections are falsey, and the rest are truthy.

**More on functions**

A function submission can include helper code outside the function, for example 

    import re;r=range
    lambda l: ...

Functions may use extra optional arguments. For example, this factorial function submission expects a single number, but uses the optional input `i` to help recurse:

    f=lambda n,i=1:1 if i>n else i*f(n,i+1)

You may not, however, require the function to be called with a specific extra argument, like "call this with 2nd argument 1" for

    f=lambda n,i:1 if i>n else i*f(n,i+1)


  [1]: https://www.python.org/
  [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial