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Answer 1

Black And White Shirts 3

This is the third in a series. The first can be found here, and the second here. The premise is similar to the first two, but with some changes and a new goal.

Assume I have some number of black shirts and some number of white shirts, both at least 1. Both colors of shirt have a non-zero Vividness. All shirts of a given color start with the same Vividness.

Every day, I pick out a clean shirt to wear, and it becomes dirty. Once I run out of all clean black shirts or all clean white shirts, I wash all my dirty shirts of both colors and start over. Clean shirts do not get washed. Whenever a shirt gets washed, its color changes based on its Vividness and the Vividness and colors of the other shirts being washed, then its Vividness goes down by one to a minimum of 0. All things being equal, over time, all shirts will generally tend towards a shade of gray.

If a shirt is ever closer to the opposite color (eg. a black shirt looks light gray), it becomes a shirt of that color.

When picking which shirt to wear, I choose the shirt which is either closest to black or closest to white. If there is a tie, I choose the one with the highest Vividness.

Challenge:

Take in an arbitrarily long sequence of two indicators (eg. b b w w b w b b w b...) representing my choice of shirt to wear on that day. Continue execution until either my last black shirt or my last white shirt loses its last vividness. Once this occurs, stop consuming input and print out the colors of all shirts.

Inputs:

Number of black shirts, number of white shirts, Vividness of black shirts, Vividness of white shirts, and a sequence of shirt selections of arbitrary length at least long enough for one color of shirt to run out of Vividness (can be considered infinitely long). The selection can be represented by any two characters (eg. b, w).

Output:

Color of all shirts, sorted from lightest to darkest, as a percent of how close it is to white, rounded to the nearest whole percent. A completely black shirt is 0, and a completely white shirt is 100.

Color changing:

The color of a shirt tends towards the average of all shirts' colors in the wash. How close it gets depends on its own Vividness.

TODO: Determine if this rule is necessary (I don't think it is): If all shirts in the wash have 0 Vividness, none of them change color.

When washed, shirts are changed based on the following pseudocode algorithm (some of which may not be necessary for your simulation):

struct shirt {
    int vividness
    float color
}

func washShirts(shirt[] allDirtyShirts) {
    totalVividness = allDirtyShirts.sum(shirt => shirt.vividness)
    if (totalVividness == 0)
        return

    averageDirtyColor = allDirtyShirts.sum(shirt => shirt.color * shirt.vividness) / totalVividness

    for each shirt in allDirtyShirts
    {
        shirt.color = (shirt.color * shirt.vividness + averageDirtyColor) / (shirt.vividness + 1)
        if shirt.vividness > 0
            shirt.vividness--
        if shirt.isBlack && shirt.color > .5
            shirt.isBlack = false
        else if !shirt.isBlack && shirt.color < .5
            shirt.isBlack = true
    }
}

Make sure that all shirts base their calculation on the Vividness and color values of all other shirts before the change. Perform no rounding beyond normal floating point restraints within your language of choice (within reason) during any calculation. Only round the value during output. When rounding for output, choose any convenient rounding method among:

• truncating (always round down)
• rounding to the nearest integer
  • .5 rounds up
  • .5 rounds down
  • .5 rounds to the nearest even integer

Test cases:

Note: These test cases use rounding to the nearest even integer. Your output may vary in some cases.

1 2 1 1 w b
100 75 25

3 3 2 1 w b w b w w w w w w w w
71 71 71 14 14 0
#note that processing would stop after w b w b w. The remaining input would be ignored.

#todo: more test cases

General rules:

• This is code-golf, so shortest answer in bytes wins.
• Default I/O rules apply

Answer 2

Title: Lossless Compression

Implement the following lossless compression pseudo-algorithm and its decompressor; scored by the number of bytes output by your compression algorithm, after you've put your source-code for both the compressor and decompressor through your own implementation of the compressor algorithm, described below:

Algorithm Description

Essentially, this is a simple dictionary compression algorithm (which isn't always guaranteed to compress the output, especially for short inputs). You want to scan for sequences of characters that appear multiple times, and then create a lookup; in order to shorten the input string.

The input string to generate your score must contain all characters in your submission; however the program must also be capable of compressing successfully the test-cases below.

The dictionary (which forms part of the output string) can use any other character as an indexer character, except a single separate character of your choice (| in my examples), which is reserved.

The output format should be a sequence of IndexcharValuestring| (i.e. index character, followed by the value string, followed by the separator - collectively "the dictionary"); followed by the compressed input string.

Some examples:

1. testRattesttestRattesttesttesttestRattest -> _test|+Rat|_+__+____+_ - because test is represented by _ and Rat is represented by +; then the compressed string is shown. each section is separated by the character |.

To decompress, simply replace _ with test and + with Rat in the output (after the last |).

The dictionary entry can also be nested - for example:

ininputinputininput -> &in|*&put|&**&* because in is represented by & and &put is represented by *

Exactly which characters end up being grouped will depend on your compression algorithm. For example, the previous string could also be output as &input|in&&in&, or &in|*put&|&&**&put

Note that the recursive compression could go even further, but at this point the output gets longer again:

ininputinputininput -> &in|*&put|^&*|^*^

It's up to you how much compression your algorithm performs, as long as it matches or beats the longest of the outputs for each example in this post.

2. AbcAbcDefDefDeggggggggggggggggggAbc

could output:

-Abc|£De|#£f|*ggg|--##£****-

3. Well I've heard there was a secret chord That David played and it pleased the Lord But you don't really care for music, do you? Well it goes like this, The fourth, the fifth, the minor fall and the major lift! The baffled king composing Hallelujah. Hallelujah Hallelujah Hallelujah Hallelujah

could output:

+ you|/ing |-ed |%pl|¬it|#or|^th|)ll|(he|"T( |$t( |*We) |_Ha)elujah|*I've (ard t(re was a secret ch#d That David %ay-and ¬ %eas-$L#d But+ don't rea)y care f# music, do+? *¬ goes like ^is, "four^, $fif^, $min# fa) and $maj# lift! "baffl-k/compos/_.____

4. %Testttttttttt%%%%%%%%

could output:

$%%%%|_ttttt|%Tes__$$

5. aAbBcCdDeEfFgGhHiIjJkKlLmMnNoOpPqQrRsStTuUvVwWxXyYzZ0123456789 ?!.,;

must output:

aAbBcCdDeEfFgGhHiIjJkKlLmMnNoOpPqQrRsStTuUvVwWxXyYzZ0123456789 ?!.,;

(because no compression is possible)

Acceptance Criteria

In order to class as valid, the algorithm you create should:

• Meet the algorithm description above
• Be able to match or beat the length of the test cases above (shorter = better)
• Output from the compressor (and therefore input for the decompressor) should be in the format shown (dictionary and separator characters may differ). Input for the compressor (and therefore output for the decompressor) should also be in the format shown.

Sandbox Notes and Questions

• Is the challenge clear?
• Is the scoring mechanism fair? I'm still not sure how to deal with characters vs bytes
• Is the spirit of the challenge clear? (i.e. to actually make an algorithm, rather than simply beat the examples and get the best score)
• Is there any interest in this challenge?

Answer 3

Posted. I prefer to retain the content for potential issues.

Duck, duck, gone!

Here is the (quite childish) Five little ducks song(it is not long):

Five little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only four little ducks came back.

Four little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only three little ducks came back.

Three little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only two little ducks came back.

Two little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only one little duck came back.

One little duck went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but none of the little ducks came back.

Mother duck herself went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
and all of the little ducks came back.

Your task is not to output this song. You should take a verse and output the next verse (the next verse of the last verse is the first verse).

Rules

• No standard loopholes, please.
• Input/output will be taken via our standard input/output methods.
• The exact verse must be outputted, and there should be no differences when compared to the song lyrics. The input will not be different when it is compared to the song lyrics too.

Examples

Mother duck herself went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
and all of the little ducks came back.

Expected:

Five little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only four little ducks came back.

Three little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only two little ducks came back.

Expected:

Two little ducks went out one day,
over the hills and up away.
Mother Duck said, "Quack Quack Quack Quack",
but only one little duck came back.

Sandbox

• Is it detailed enough?
• Is the input/output rules clear enough?
• Do I need any more information?

---

code-golfstring

Answer 4

Polynomials Through Points

You will get a set of n Cartesian coordinates. You must output a polynomial going through all of the points.

Input

• Points are 2-dimensional.
• You may assume that no two points share a x coordinate.
• You may take points as a tuple of pairs, or pair of equal length tuples.
• 1<n<1000

Output

• For polynomial y=x^3+3*x^2+1, you may output as:
  • y=x^3+3*x^2+1
  • x^3+3*x^2+1
  • y=x^3+3*x^2+0*x+1
  • x^3+3*x^2+0*x+1
  • y=x^3+3*x^2+x^0
  • x^3+3*x^2+x^0
  • y=x^3+3*x^2+0*x^1+x^0
  • x^3+3*x^2+0*x^1+x^0
  • y=1*x^3+3*x^2+1
  • 1*x^3+3*x^2+1
  • y=1*x^3+3*x^2+0*x+1
  • 1*x^3+3*x^2+0*x+1
  • y=1*x^3+3*x^2+1*x^0
  • 1*x^3+3*x^2+1*x^0
  • y=1*x^3+3*x^2+0*x^1+1*x^0
  • 1*x^3+3*x^2+0*x^1+1*x^0
  • [1,3,0,1]
• You may output any polynomial satisfying the condition.

Rules

• Stabdard loopholes are forbidden.
• Any method approved by Standard I/O is allowed.
• This is code-golf, so shortest code wins!

Answer 5

Shortest way to get an EOF Error

It's simple, simply write the shortest code to raise an EOF Error. An EOF Error happens when the language expects more code to be entered into the source code; however, the language encounters an EOF character. So here is a sample Python program to throw an EOF error.

id(

Python expects more code to be entered, but EOF is entered instead. Therefore it throws an "EOF Error" (technically a Syntax Error though, but the interpreter says unexpected EOF while parsing).

To simplify that, output text to STDERR containing the string EOF. Normally a language will exit after outputting to STDERR with an error, so if you are hard-coding the value out to STDERR, you should also exit the program with a 1 value.

Input/Output

Your input will be none; however, you should output a message to STDERR that proves that the program generates an EOFError.

Rules

• Since this is code-golf, the shortest answer wins.
• No standard loopholes please.
• Any method approved by Standard I/O is allowed.

---

code-golferror-message

Feedback

• Is this clear enough?
• I don't believe this is a duplicate (I found this, but it's restricted to a single language), but does anyone recognise this?
• The tags as code-golf, error-message. Anything else?
• Any further feedback?
• Is it possible to have trivial answers on most languages for this challenge?

Answer 6

A Musical Tuner

code-golfnumbermusic

Oh no! My tuner's batteries ran out, I need to play in a concert in a few minutes, and I need to know if my instrument's in tune! I need this tuner quick, so it needs to be short.

Background

In music, all notes are given a letter from A-G/H, an optional sharp/flat ♯/♭, and a number specifying what octave it is in, starting from 0. This is called scientific pitch notation.

In equal temperament, \$\sqrt 2 \approx 1.05946 \$ is an important ratio, as used in the formula $$ P_n = P_a (\sqrt2)^{n-a} $$ where

• \$ P_n \$ is the desired frequency, in hertz.
• \$ n \$ is the number of keys from the left on a piano the desired note is.
• \$ P_a \$ is the reference frequency, in hertz.
• \$ a \$ is the number of keys from the left on a piano the reference note is.

A piano begins at \$ A_0 \$ as the 1st key, and with reference frequency of \$ A_4 = P_a = 440 \$ Hz, at the 49th key.

The whole step, the tonal distance between two notes separated by one key, is divided into 100 cents. A half step is exactly 50 cents.

The Challenge

Write a full program that, when given a decimal number in hertz, outputs the closest note in scientific pitch notation, and how far it is from that note in cents.

Input

A positive number in hertz. This can be a string, number, list of whole number and decimal, etc. You can always assume this to be positive, and a number with maximum 3 decimal places.

The input is in the range \$ 27.5 \le P_n \le 4186 \$.

Output

A note in scientific pitch notation, and how many cents it is from, in the form

[Note letter][Sharp/Flat][Octave number][+/-][Cents]

• If a note is determined to be close to a natural note, no sharps or flats should be output.
• Output either sharps or flats.
• Sharps can be either ♯/# , and flats either ♭/b.
• Octave number ranges from 0 to 8.

Other Rules

• Standard loopholes apply.
• Shortest code wins.

Test Cases

Input --> Output
440 --> A4
261.626 --> C4
24.995 --> G♯0-8 (OR G#0-8)
1320.068‬ --> E6+1
3674.882‬ --> B♭7-13 (OR Bb7-13 OR A7+13)

Answer 7

Fewest number of button presses to set the cook time

A GolfCo™ microwave oven has a 12-button keypad like this:

[1]  [2]  [3]
[4]  [5]  [6]
[7]  [8]  [9]
     [0]  [+30]
   [START]

How the microwave operates

The microwave reads and processes button presses as follows:

1. Buttons [0]-[9] add the corresponding digit to the right end of the cook time, up to 4 digits total. Once started, these buttons do not function.
2. The [+30] button adds 30 seconds to the cook time, and starts the cooking process (if not already started).
3. The [START] button starts the cooking process.

The microwave can be programmed with a cooking time ranging from 1 second to 99 minutes and 59 seconds.

Any one or two-digit cook time is interpreted as seconds only, ranging from 1 to 99 seconds.

Any three or four-digit cook time is interpreted as two digits of minutes and two digits of seconds. In this mode, the minutes portion of the cook time can range from 0 to 99 minutes, while the seconds can range from 0 to 59 seconds.

The challenge

Given a time in minutes:seconds (eg. "4:45" for four minutes and 45 seconds), print the button sequence with the least number of button presses required to set the cook time and start the cooking process.

As this is code golf, the smallest program in bytes wins.

Input

Input will be given in the common MM:SS format, where "MM" specifies minutes and "SS" specifies seconds, separated by a colon.

Minutes can be zero padded to 2 digits or the leading zero omitted, at the golfer's discretion. Minutes can range from 00 to 99.

Seconds will always be 2 digits, ranging from 00 to 59.

The cook time will range from 00:01 to 99:59.

Output

The program will output the sequence of button presses needed to program the cook time and start the microwave.

Buttons [0] to [9] will be output as the corresponding digit "0"-"9".

The [+30] button will be output as "+".

The [START] button will be output as "S".

Test cases

Input                  Output
=======================================
04:45 (or 4:45)        4 4 5 S
00:08                  8 S
00:30                  +
00:35                  5 +
00:20 (or 0:20)        2 0 S
01:20 (or 1:20)        8 0 S
01:25 (or 1:25)        8 5 S     ("2 5 + +" and "1 2 5 S" are both too long)
01:30 (or 1:30)        + + +     ("9 0 S" is also correct)
01:35 (or 1:35)        5 + + +   ("1 3 5 S" is also correct)
01:39 (or 1:39)        9 + + +   ("1 3 9 S" is also correct)
01:40 (or 1:40)        1 4 0 S   ("1 0 + + +" is incorrect)
01:50 (or 1:50)        1 5 0 S   
02:00 (or 2:00)        2 0 0 S   ("+ + + +" is also correct)
02:30 (or 2:30)        2 3 0 S   ("+ + + + +" is incorrect)
03:00 (or 3:00)        3 0 0 S   
10:00                  1 0 0 0 S
99:59                  9 9 5 9 S

Answer 8

Measure the Discrepancy

code-golfmathsequence

Given a finite sequence of real numbers \$ s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_n\$ and an interval \$I=[a,b]\$ that contains the whole sequence, find its discrepancy \$D_n\$.

Definition*

Let \$I = [a,b]\$ be an interval that covers the whole sequence \$(s_i)_i\$, that means for all \$i\$ we have \$s_i \in I\$. The discrepancy \$D_n\$ is defined as

$$D_n = \sup_{[u,v] \subseteq I} \left| \frac1n N(u,v) - \frac{v-u}{b-a} \right|$$

Here \$N(u,v) = \#\{i \mid 1 \leqslant i \leqslant n, s_i \in [u,v]\}\$ denotes the number of values of the sequence \$(s_i)_i\$ that are in the interval \$[u,v]\$.

^{* Technically the discrepancy \$D\$ is defined for infinite sequences as \$D = \lim_{n\to \infty} D_n\$. Intuitively speaking, the *discrepancy measures how uniformly distributed the sequence is in the given interval \$I\$. Sampling an uniform distribution on \$i\$ infinitely many times results in an discrepancy of \$D=0\$.}

Examples

to be added...

Answer 9

Subtract two numbers with Rule 110

Background :

It is known that Rule 110 is Turing complete, but in general, I have seen a lack of actual programs that utilize this property of Rule 110, so I propose that we do something about it ;)

Some explanation

Rule 110 is a one dimensional cellular automaton, consisting of cells on/off, and the neighbors of those cells change the cell in the next iteration. Here is a page detailing how rule 110 works, but here is also a basic table that summarizes the rule (the center number is the current cell's state, the two on the outside are its neighbors, the number to the right of the equals is the state for the next generation)

111 = 0
110 = 1
101 = 1
100 = 0
011 = 1
010 = 1
001 = 1
000 = 0

The Challenge

I want you to subtract two numbers, unsigned, eight bits long (No handling of negatives, input one will always be greater than or equal to input two)

Note : Index 0 is where the first 1 starts, which denotes your program, simply because the "tape" is infinite, and leading zeroes cannot be distinguished, so it must start at the first one

Input have to be inputted in unary, and must be inputted at a set interval from a specific point from the beginning of your program, and the inputs must not overlap. That may sound confusing, but here are some examples.

First, clarification on input. Input needs to be 8 bits long, and must be formatted to be so, if you had zero, it would be inputted as follows : 00000000, 2 would be 00000011, 7 would be 01111111 etc..., up to eight.

The first input is at intervals of 2 starting at index 1, the second input has an interval of 3 and starts at 25

1 _ 01 _ 01 _ 10 _ 10 _ 10 _ 10 _ 10 _ 101 = 011 = 111 = 000 = 110 = 110 = 110 = 001 = 1010100101

The "_" is the first input, the "=" is the second input, they cannot overlap, and the interval represents the set distance that they must be seperated by. The bits themselves are inputed as ones, so if my first input was 00000111 and my second input 00111111 then my program would look like this

1 0 01 0 01 0 10 0 10 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 101 0 011 0 111 1 000 1 110 1 110 1 110 1 001 1 1010100101

The output is also defined in a similar fashion, from the start of the program (denoted by a 1) at specific intervals the bits represent the unary output

Example:

input one = 00011111, input two = 00000011

output = 00000111

Score

The number of bytes from the first one to the last one in the initial program. Lowest score wins! Good luck!!!

I thought this was ready for the main, but it wasn't, so if ya'll have any problems, please let me know and I'll address them, as I will for the problems already proposed

Answer 10

code-golf math combinatorics algorithm

Disconnect a social network

^{A version of this question was used in the 2019 International Mathematical Olympiad, which is now public. Modifications italicised.}

A social network has n users, some pairs of whom are friends. Whenever user A is friends with user B, user B is also friends with user A. Events of the following kind may happen repeatedly, one at a time:

Three users A, B, and C such that A is friends with both B and C, but B and C are not friends, change their friendship statuses such that B and C are now friends, but A is no longer friends with B, and no longer friends with C. All other friendship statuses are unchanged.

Given the initial graph of users, find whether sequence of such events so that at the end of the sequence each user is friends with at most one other user exists, and if so output that sequence.

Test cases

These cases have n followed by a list of friendships in the graph, and output as a list of triples of people in order A-B-C (and 0 if no sequence of triples exists - note that this is different from [] in this particular output scheme, here [] means that the graph already satisfies the condition that each user is friends with at most one other user).

3, [[1,2], [2,3]]
[[1,2,3]]

3, [[1,3], [2,3]]
[[2,3,1]]

3, []
[]

3, [[1,2]]
[]

3, [[1,2], [1,3], [2,3]]
0

6, [[1,2], [2,3], [3,4], [4,5], [5,6]]
[[1,2,3], [1,3,4], [1,4,5], [1,5,6]]

6, [[1,2], [1,6], [2,3], [3,4], [4,5], [5,6]]
0

7, [[1,2], [1,3], [1,4], [2,3], [5,6]]
[[2,1,4], [1,3,2], [1,2,4]]

4, [[1,2], [1,3], [1,4], [2,3], [2,4], [3,4]]
0

6, [[1,2], [1,3], [1,4], [1,5], [1,6], [4,5], [4,6], [5,6]]
[[2,1,4], [3,1,5], [5,1,6], [2,4,6], [4,5,3]]

5, [[1,2], [1,3], [2,3], [2,4], [2,5], [3,4], [3,5]]
0

Input and output format are flexible as long as they conform to standard I/O requirements, and standard loopholes are forbidden. (In particular, for the impossible case, the output can be anything which is not an output from a possible graph, such as [[0,0,0]] or an additional 'success' boolean.)

This is code-golf, so the shortest code wins!

Answer 11

It was found that this challenge is a duplicate. if you would like to see the challenge, please look in the revision history.

Answer 12

Follow the Path

Posted here.

Answer 13

Fermat's Last Theorem, mod n

It is a well known fact that for all integers \$p>2\$, there exist no integers \$x, y, z>0\$ such that \$x^p+y^p=z^p\$. However, this statement is not true in general if we consider the integers modulo \$n\$.

You will be given \$n\$ and \$p\$, which are two positive integers with \$n>1\$. Your task will be to write a function or program to compute all positive integers \$x, y, z<n\$ such that \$(x^p+y^p)\$ and \$z^p\$ give the same remainder when divided by \$n\$.

Input

Any reasonable method of input is allowed. E.g. two separate user inputs, ordered pair, two function parameters, etc.

Output

Any reasonable method of output is valid, it may be produced by a function or output to the screen. The order the triples are listed does not matter. Triples such as (1, 2, 3) and (2, 1, 3) are considered distinct, and all distinct triples should be listed exactly once. No invalid/trivial triples such as (0, 0, 0) should be output.

Examples

n p -> Possible Output
----------------------------------------------------------------
2 3 -> []
3 3 -> [(1,1,2),(2,2,1)]
3 4 -> []
4 3 -> [(1,2,1),(1,3,2),(2,1,1),(2,2,2),(2,3,3),(3,1,2),(3,2,3)]

Scoring

Shortest code in bytes with no standard loopholes wins.

code-golf number-theory

Answer 14

Sort and Table a Sentence by Word Lengths

In as few bytes as possible, sort the input, a delimited string OR list/vector/array of words containing printable ASCII except space into a table (or something resembling a table). I tried to make the table rules as code friendly as possible to allow golfing and non-golfing languages alike to compete. Table rules are as follows:

• optional order, shortest to longest or vice versa, letter counts are required

• formatting is not the challenge, but to repeat the above rule, letter count is required. So as long as the output is some form of numerically labelled rows of words, a numbered list, or a list of lists, or similar output, then it is a satisfactory answer.

• including/excluding gaps (NA values, see below examples for both methods of output)

• Word case is untouched. How the word appears in input should be shown in output.

Input 1:

Code Golf and Coding Challenges Meta

Output 1:

 1. NA
 2. NA
 3. and
 4. Code Golf Meta
 5. NA
 6. Coding
 7. NA
 8. NA
 9. NA
 10. Challenges

or

3. and
4. Code Golf Meta
6. Coding
10. Challenges

or

[[3, ['and']], [4, ['Code', 'Golf', 'Meta']], [6, ['Coding']], [10, ['Challenges']]]

Input 2:

My very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas. #JusticeForPluto

Output 2:

1. NA
2. My us
3. NA
4. very just nine (alphabetized version: just nine very)
5. NA
6. mother served pizzas (mother pizzas served)
7. NA
8. NA
9. excellent
10. NA
11. NA
12. NA
13. NA
14. NA
15. NA
16. #JusticeForPluto

or

2. My us
4. very just nine
6. mother served pizzas
9. excellent
16. #JusticeForPluto

or

[[2, ['My', 'us']], [4, ['very', 'just', 'nine']], [6, ['mother', 'served', 'pizzas']], [9, ['excellent']], [16, ['#JusticeForPluto']]]

More examples can be provided if necessary but I think this should suffice for now. Please give me pointers, this is my second attempt at a challenge. (the first failed dramatically)

Answer 15

Sand timer puzzler (code-golf)

I was googling for a sand timer and found this little item: set of joined sand timers, for 3, 4, and 5 minutes each.

That of course reminded me of multiple puzzles about measuring X minutes using only M- and N-minute timers or whatever.

The mission then, if you choose to accept, is:

write a program that takes 3 integer inputs 0<A<B<C<100
and outputs list of all possible times that can be measured
using 3 joined sand timers A, B, and C up to 2 hrs

Test cases:

[in progress]

Answer 16

Guessing the subset.

Preface

I've never done a cops-and-robbers challenge before, so I'd appreciate some help to get this right. In particular, I'm not sure how much I should specify a (language-neutral) API. I'm also not sure how to implement time limits on computation time. (I want to be able to run a trial in seconds, not weeks.)

---

This challenge is based on Math Stack Exchange question "Guessing a subset of {1,...,N}".

In this challenge, the robber's job is to choose a subset \$R \subseteq \{1,\dots,N\}\$, kind of. Then the cop's job is to deduce the robber's subset by asking questions.

---

Robber

When I was growing up, I would sometimes play Twenty Questions with my brother. I would pick some sort of animal, and answer his questions about it. However, when he guessed the answer I had in mind, I would try to come up with another animal that satisfied all of the same answers to his questions—and if I could do it, I would tell him he was wrong.

The robber's job is similar to my strategy in Twenty Questions. The cop will ask the robber questions about the robber's chosen subset, but the robber can keep changing the subset as long as the answers are consistent. The robber's job is trying to answer the questions in such a way as to maximize the number of questions the cop needs to ask, always ensuring that the answers do not contradict each other.

Cop

The cop's job is to successively pick subsets starting with \$C_1 \subseteq \{1, \dots, N\}\$ and ask the question, "Does \$C_1\ = R\$, and if not how many elements do \$C_1\$ and \$R\$ have in common?" (That is, \$|C_1 \cap R|\$.)

If \$C_k = R\$, then the cop has finished the interrogation, and her score is \$k\$. Otherwise, the cop then can use this information to choose a new set \$C_{k+1}\$, and ask the same question for \$C_{k+1}\$.

Rules

Both the cop and robber will be given a number \$N\$, then the cop will go first outputting a subset \$C_1 \subseteq \{1,...,N\}\$. The robber will then take this as an input and output \$|C_1 \cap R|\$. The cop will take this number as an input and output \$C_2\$ and so on.

For a given interrogation both the cop's and robber's score is \$k\$ where \$C_k = R\$ is the last, correct guess. Naturally, the cop is trying to minimize her score while the robber is trying to maximize his.

Each cop will be tested against each robber (perhaps multiple times) with varying values of \$N \leq 1000\$. The score for the cop and robbers will be the sum of the scores over all interrogations.

Answer 17

Name the hydrocarbon

A hydrocarbon is a chemical compound which consists of only hydrogen and carbon atoms. For this challenge, we will only consider the three simplest kinds of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes with no branches.

An alkane with \$n\$ carbon atoms contains \$2n+2\$ hydrogen atoms. An alkene with \$n\$ carbon atoms contains \$2n\$ hydrogen atoms. An alkyne with \$n\$ carbon atoms contains \$2n-2\$ hydrogen atoms.

Each kind of hydrocarbon is named with a prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms it contains, followed by the suffix ane, ene, or yne if it is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne respectively. The numerical prefixes are as follows:

1  -> meth
2  -> eth
3  -> prop
4  -> but
5  -> pent
6  -> hex
7  -> hept
8  -> oct
9  -> non
10 -> dec

For example, we can see propane has 3 carbon and 8 hydrogen atoms, and heptyne has 7 carbon and 12 hydrogen atoms.

Challenge

Your task is to write a function or program that receives two integers, representing a number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and produces or outputs the name of the corresponding hydrocarbon. Capitalization does not matter, and leading/trailing whitespace is allowed.

The input and output can be in any convenient format. You may assume the input will correspond to a valid hydrocarbon, and there are at most 10 carbon atoms.

Examples

Input -> Output
1 4   -> Methane
3 8   -> Propane
7 12  -> Heptyne
10 20 -> Decene

Rules

• No standard loopholes.
• Shortest code in bytes wins.

code-golfkolmogorov-complexitychemistry

Answer 18

Numbers without 'E'

In this trial, I wish for us to think only of digits and digit compounds, from two to six trillion. If any in this group contains, in a plain Latin writing form, an indication of what our prompt prohibits, it is cast out of this group.

If a digit or digit compound contains 100, 1000, or similar, "1" is not a part of its plain Latin writing form. 1000 would simply boil down to "thousand", although 4000 is "four thousand".

What you must do:

Taking an input of N, in which N is not as high as 1000, nor as low as 0, (0 < N < 1000), and in which N is an ordinal, output what N points to in an array that follows our titular prompt.

Additionally, your solutions may contain only a solitary count of this cast out latin symbol (including diacritical marks and such, although this should not dismay you too much).

Your aim is to do this with a minimum bit count in your program.

This following portion is for clarification on what I am in pursuit of: 1 -> 2 (two) 3 -> 6 (six) 5 -> 32 (thirty two) 22 -> 1004 (thousand four) 100 -> 30 000 (thirty thousand)

Meta:

As you may have noticed, this is a little hard to read. I tried to spice it up by excluding any instance of the letter 'e' from the text description.

• Should the challenge be changed to "evaluate if a number contains 'E'"? This is an alternative idea Id considered but Im not sure if it would make a better challenge
• Does eliminating all instances of 'e' from the description make this challenge unreadable?
• Does the additional challenge of only having 1 'e' in the solution add too much to the challenge?
• Are the bounds too restrictive/not restrictive enough?

Answer 19

What's that frequency?

This is my first code-golf challenge, so apologies if it is a little unclear/already has been done. I gave the past challenges a good look over, but I may have missed something.

Create a function or a full program which accepts a frequency value, and then outputs the closest musical note, and the octave, this frequency corresponds to.

This function/program should support eight full octaves worth of notes, starting from C0 up to and including B8.

Test cases:

440.00 -> A4
466.16 -> A#4
466.20 -> A#4
261.63 -> C4
16.35 -> C0
0.00 -> C0
7902.13 -> B8
10000.00 -> B8

A full list of frequencies and notes they correspond to can be found here: https://pages.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html

This is a code golf, so shortest code wins!

Answer 20

plan an efficient finnish bus stop on a sphere

code-challengetest-battery

Apparently respecting personal space is very important at finnish bus stops. Now given some "minimum-personal-space-angle" \$\vartheta\$, your job is designing a bus stop on a sphere for as many people as possible respecting the "minimum-personal-space-angle".

Let us rephrase this a little bit more clearly: Let \$S^2 = \{x \in \mathbb R^3 \mid \Vert x \Vert_2 =1 \}\$ be the unit sphere in \$\mathbb R^3\$. Given the angle \$\vartheta \in (0,\pi)\$ you should find a set \$U \subset S^2\$ such that all pairs of vectors \$x,y \in U\$ (\$x \neq y\$) are at least an angle of \$\vartheta\$ apart, that is \$x \cdot y \leqslant \cos \vartheta\$.

And this set \$U\$ should be as large as possible - but this does not mean that your program needs to find the largest possible \$U\$ (this is a hard unsolved problem), but it should try to make it as large as possible as this will be part of the score.

Let us define \$a_\vartheta = \vert U \vert\$ as the number of vectors your program found for \$\vartheta\$.

The score \$s\$ of your submission will be

$$ s=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^N a_{\vartheta_n} w_n$$

where \$\vartheta_n = 1/n\$, \$w_n = 1/n^2\$. And you can choose \$N \in \mathbb N\$ as large as you want.

Inspired by this reddit thread.

META:

I think the choice of \$\vartheta_n\$ and \$w_n\$ needs some fine tuning to make the challenge interesting. My thoughts so far: The idea is that \$a_{\vartheta} \leqslant c \frac{1}{\vartheta^2}\$ since every vector on the sphere needs a circle of a radius that is at least \$\vartheta/2\$, so the area of such a circle is about \$\pi (\vartheta/2)^2\$ which means we can fit at most \$\frac{4\pi}{\pi (\vartheta/2)^2} = \frac{1}{\vartheta^2}\$ (just as a rough estimate).

So I think with current choice of \$\vartheta_n\$ and \$w_n\$ the score should be bounded. But I fear that with the current choice of these sequences the greatest score will be achieved by a relatively simple solution where someone just chooses \$N=1,2\$ or so.

Can we alleviate this by adding a factor of \$\log n\$ to \$w_n\$? Unfortunately I think this would incentivise using very large \$N\$.

---

EDIT: Instead of using \$\log n\$ I think using a bounded increasing sequence would work. E.g. \$(1-1/n)\$ so \$w_n = \frac{1}{n^2}(1- \frac{1}{n})\$.

---

If you have any thoughts or ideas, please share!

Answer 21

Roll for Initiative!

Tags: code-golfmathsorting

Introduction

In tabletop games like Dungeons and Dragons, when you begin a battle, all involved parties roll for initiative. In DnD 5e, this is 1d20 + DEX + Other bonuses, where DEX is the bonus given by your Dexterity stat. The characters that roll higher numbers go first. We'll use a similar, deterministic system in this challenge.

The Challenge

Write a program or function that, when given a list of characters, will output a list of characters in order of initiative.

A character is defined as this:

character = {
    name: "name" // a string
    statblock: [SPD, DEX, WHT] // a list of numbers
                               // DEX = dexterity, SPD = speed, WHT = weight
}

The formula for initiative is the following: $$\text{Initiative} = \left\lfloor{ \frac{\text{SPD}^2}{\sqrt{\lvert\text{DEX}\rvert}} }\right\rfloor - \text{WHT}$$

Input

A list of characters, unsorted. This can be a JSON object, a list of lists, a list of dictionaries, a series of strings etc.

It is guaranteed that all names will be unique.

Output

A list of characters, or character names, sorted by initiative order from highest to lowest, based on the above formula.

Rules

• IO can be used with any convenient method.
• Standard loopholes are forbidden.
• This is code-golf, so smallest program wins!

Sample IO

Input --> Output
[[Name, SPD, DEX, WHT], ...]
    --> [[Name, SPD, DEX, WHT], ...] (or [Name, Name, ...])
---------
[[Alice,1,2,3],[Bob,10,5,0],[Charlie,3,2,1]]
    --> [Bob, Charlie, Alice]
// Alice = -3, Bob = 44, Charlie = 5

[[Z,1,1,1],[B,1,1,1],[XY,5,1,1]]
    --> [XY, Z, B]
// Retain the order of characters from the input if they have the same initiative.
// Z = 0, B = 0, XY = 24

[[Neg,-3,-3,-1],[SomeNeg,5,-2,-4],[NoNeg,4,6,8]]
    --> [SomeNeg, Neg, NoNeg]
// Negative values are valid.
// Neg = 6, SomeNeg = 13, NoNeg = -2

[[Flo,1.5,2.5,3.5],[MoreFlo,2,2.5,3.5]]
    --> [[MoreFlo,2,2.5,3.5], [Flo,1.5,2.5,3.5]]
// Floats are also valid.
// Flo = -2.5, MoreFlo = -1.5

[[Lonely,1,2,3]]
    --> [[Lonely,1,2,3]]
// Input with 1 item.

[]
    --> []
// Empty input leads to empty output.

Answer 22

Count the length of head movement

Moved here

Answer 23

Sort By the New Alphabet

The order of the alphabet is really quite arbitrary. I propose a new ordering of the alphabet, ordered so that adjacent letters (in capital form) are similar in shape. Here is the order:

JUOQGCDPRBEFTILVYXKHAMWNZS

Of course, this makes a lot of previously written code redundant. To fix this problem we will start re-implementing that code, in its updated form.

Your task is to create a program or function that takes a string or list of characters as input, and outputs that string/list sorted according to this new ordering.

You can assume that all input will contain only uppercase alphabetic characters.

---

I know it's similar to this and this, but this challenge has a fixed ordering, so I hope this allows for some more ingenuity as well as the requirement to store the ordering efficiently.

Answer 24

edit: check it out live here!

Play Big 2 by yourself, as fast as you can

Answer 25

Challenge posted to Main here

Answer 26

Expand a road network

code-golf string ascii-art

---

You've been employed as a city planner _{(obligatory seinfeld clip)} and you have been tasked with expanding the road system of Codegolfville. Here's a diagram of what Codegolfville could look like:

        | |
        | |
--------+ +-------
--------+ +-------
        | |
        | +-------
        | +-------
        | |
        | |

Your job is to expand the existing infrastructure \$n\$ blocks in a specific direction.

The Challenge

1. Take two inputs - a direction to expand in, and the number of blocks to expand - through any reasonable input format.

2. Expand the existing roadways in the ASCII map, in the direction specified.

   a. You must take into account the existing roadways - you can only expand on roads that are already there, and if there are no roads to expand, you won't expand anything.

   b. Your program must work for any example map, not just the one provided above.

3. Show the output on STDOUT, if your language supports it.

Test Cases

        will be done soon

Other Rules

This is code-golf, so lowest score in bytes wins. Standard loopholes are forbidden. Have fun!

Answer 27

Union of Two Polygons

Given two intersecting polygons as input, output a third polygon that is the union of the two input polygons, that is to say, the perimeter that encloses all points present in at least one of the two input polygons.

Example inputs/outputs

2 Squares

  [(0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 2), (2, 0)]
| [(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 3), (3, 1)]
==> [(0, 0), (0, 2), (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 1), (2, 0)]

... more to come

Notes and Rules

• Input will be two lists of at least 3 2d points each, taken in any convenient format.
• Output should be a list of 2d points, in any convenient format.
• It does not matter which point you list first.
• It does not matter whether you output in clockwise or counterclockwise order.
• Polygons may be concave
• You may assume that both polygons are not self-intersecting
• You may assume that the polygons overlap in at least two places exclusively via edge-edge crossings rather than vertex-edge intersections, vertex-vertex intersections, or flush edge-edge overlaps.
• You may assume that the polygons do not overlap in such a way that the union would have at least one hole in it.
• You must be accurate to at least 0.01 for all polygons between -100 and 100 units along each axis.
• Standard rules apply. Shortest code wins.

geometry code-golf

Answer 28

Make an "implicit" parser code-golf arithmetic string

In this task, given an infix expression, fill in all of the implicit inputs and evaluate this expression with the other given input. (You only need to deal with (+, -, and ().)

Expressions are only allowed to be dyadic and not monadic. If an operator is monadic, prepend an input.

What do I do?

The rule is simple: if something is preceded with a nilad or a parenthesized expression, it is a dyad.

+ is a dyad here:

2 + 1
(5 + 2)
3 + ((2) + 4)

Otherwise, the operator is a monad.

+ is a monad here:

 +(2 - 2)
(+ 2)

If you find a monad in your code, immediately prepend it with the a character.

a +(2 - 2)
(a+ 2)

That's about it.

Examples

The input expression is guaranteed to not produce errors, such as the format 2- which is impossible to prepend an input.

"+++a",2 -> a+a+a+a = 2+2+2+2 = 8
"(+1)+(-1)",5 -> (a+1)+(a-1) = (5+1)+(5-1) = 10
"+(2-a)", 3 -> a+(2-a) = 3+(2-3) = 2
"(5+2)+2+1", 7 -> (5+2)+2+1 = 10
"--2", 2 -> a-a-2 = 0-2 = -2

Rules

• This is code-golf, so the shortest code wins.
• Standard loopholes are disallowed.

Answer 29

Asyncronous Breakfast

I haven't seen any asyncronous challenges here, even tho it's an important part of coding, so here's my idea, based on an example (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/async/) that explains asyncronous coding:

You are making breakfast. The things you want to serve are:
Cooked eggs, Bacon, Coffee, Orange Juice and Toast.

You start boiling the eggs, cooking the bacon, making coffee, and toasting toast. 
When everything is finished, you're serving the orange juice.

After every finished food, the console outputs "[Food] is ready."

Answer 30

Blackjack

This is kept fairly simple, compared to a real Blackjack-Game:

Write a program that creates a blackjack game, where the input "h" means "hit" and "s" means "stand". Everything else outputs nothing, it just waits for the right input.

Rules:
- You can draw as many cards as you want, also to make it easier, there is no card limit.
  This means you could draw more than 4 Asses.
- The cards you can get are
  standard-cards (2-10, J, Q, K, A) where the Values are the default ones:

2-9 = 2-9,
10, J, Q, K = 10

- A is a special card. So to make it easy, the default value is 11.
  If a player gets over 21, the value gets reduced to 1.
  In the case that a player has two or more A-Cards, all but one A
  reduces to 1, giving a total value of 14 for 4 Asses. (11+1+1+1)

- The dealer needs to get in between 18-21. If the bank has reached a value in 
this radius,
it can't draw another card (For example: Bank reached 18.
                          It can't get another card to get closer to 21)

- The game runs forever
- hit means „draw another card“, stand means „stop with cards and wait for 
the dealer to reach his limit“

Procedure:

- The player gets 2 cards at the beginning, shown by "Player:" in the console 
  (Example: Player gets 2 and 5 at the beginning. 
  Console output: "Player: 2, 5").

- The cards can be shown in the console by their values
  (For example: 2, 10, 1 | No need for: 2, K, A), but you can also use 
  the card-names instead. Your choice. But you need to show the maximum
  value you have
  (for example:
  first draw console output "Player: 2, 4, 5 = 11",
  second draw console output "Player: 2, 4, 5, 7 = 18")

- The input by the player is "h" for "hit" and "s" for "stand". Also allowed 
  is 1 and 0

- In the console, the player is displayed by "Player:"
- In the console, the dealer is displayed by "Dealer:"

- After the player got two cards, the dealer gets one card.
  Then the player can hit or stand.
  After every card drawn from the player,
  the dealer gets another card until he reaches his limit. (18-21)

  If the dealer reaches 21 before the player does, the dealer wins.
  If the Player reaches 21 first, the player wins.
  If the dealer reached his limit, and the player stands on the same value, it's a draw.
  If the dealer is over 21 first, the player wins.
  If the player is over 21 first, the dealer wins.

- At the end you get the output "Win", "Lose", "Draw",
  or "Blackjack", depending on the game

This game is a code-golf challenge, even the smallest result won'tbe under 150 bytes at least